The Iran–United States Claims Tribunal (IUSCT) is an international arbitral tribunal that resolves claims between the nationals and governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America. It was established on 19 January 1981 by the Algiers Declarations, an Algeria-mediated agreement between the U.S. and Iran to resolve the Tehran hostage crisis.

Seated in The Hague, Netherlands, the Tribunal hears disputes between both individuals and the two governments. It is composed of nine arbitrators: Three appointed by Iran, three appointed by the U.S., and a further three from third-party countries appointed by the previous six arbitrators.

The Tribunal closed to new claims by private individuals on 19 January 1982, one year after it was established. It received over 4,700 claims and ordered payments totaling over US$3.5 billion; around US$2.5 billion by Iran to U.S. nationals and more than US$1 billion by the U.S. to Iranian nationals. As of 2014, all private claims had been resolved, while several intergovernmental claims are still pending.

The IUSCT has been called "the most significant arbitral body in history", and its decisions are considered influential in the areas of investor-state arbitration and state responsibility.