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INFO: Full form for NAP is Native American Program, Harvard University in Academic & Science category
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The US National Academies Press (NAP) was created to publish the reports issued by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Medicine, and the National Research Council. It publishes nearly 200 books a year on a wide range of topics in the sciences. The NAP's stated mission is seemingly self-contradictory: to disseminate as widely as possible the works of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, and to be financially self-sustaining through sales. This mission has led to great experimentation in openness regarding online publishing.

The National Academy Press (as it was known in 1993) was the first self-sustaining publisher to make its material available on the Web, for free, in an open access model. By 1997, 1000 reports were available as sequential page images (starting with i, then ii, then iii, then iv...), with a minimal navigational envelope. Their experience up to 1998 was already indicating that open access led to increased sales, at least with page images as the final viewable object.

From 1998 on, the NAP developed the "Openbook" online navigational envelope, producing stable page URLs, and enabling chapter-, page-, and in-book search navigation to images of the book pages (which were increasingly replaced by HTML chunks), to enable the user to browse the book. Notably, this page-by-page navigation was produced long before Amazon's Look Inside, or Google's Book Search.

1998 through the present, the NAP gradually evolved the Openbook to first enable better external findability (making the HTML page for the first page image of every chapter include the first 10 and last 10 pages of OCRed ASCII text of the chapter, to produce a robustly indexable first chapter page), as well as exploring the boundaries of knowledge discovery and exploration, implementing "Related Titles" in 2001, the "Find More Like This Chapter" in 2002, "Chapter Skim" in 2003, "Search Builder" and "Reference Finder" in 2004, and "Active Skim" and enhanced "Search Builder" in 2005.

INFO: Full form for NCAS is Newark College of Arts and Sciences in Academic & Science category
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INFO: Full form for NCAS is NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences in Academic & Science category
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INFO: Full form for NCAS is North Carolina Archaeological Society in Academic & Science category
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INFO: Full form for NCAS is North Carolina Academy of Science in Academic & Science category
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INFO: Full form for NCAS is Northern Colorado Astronomical Society in Academic & Science category
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INFO: Full form for MSE is Malaysian Society Essex in Academic & Science category
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The interdisciplinary field of materials science, also commonly termed materials science and engineering, covers the design and discovery of new materials, particularly solids. The intellectual origins of materials science stem from the Age of Enlightenment, when researchers began to use analytical thinking from chemistry, physics, and engineering to understand ancient, phenomenological observations in metallurgy and mineralogy. Materials science still incorporates elements of physics, chemistry, and engineering. As such, the field was long considered by academic institutions as a sub-field of these related fields. Beginning in the 1940s, materials science began to be more widely recognized as a specific and distinct field of science and engineering, and major technical universities around the world created dedicated schools for its study.

Materials scientists emphasize understanding, how the history of a material (processing) influences its structure, and thus the material's properties and performance. The understanding of processing-structure-properties relationships is called the materials paradigm. This paradigm is used to advance understanding in a variety of research areas, including nanotechnology, biomaterials, and metallurgy.

Materials science is also an important part of forensic engineering and failure analysis – investigating materials, products, structures or components, which fail or do not function as intended, causing personal injury or damage to property. Such investigations are key to understanding, for example, the causes of various aviation accidents and incidents.

INFO: Full form for MSE is math science and English in Academic & Science category
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INFO: Full form for MSE is Munich School of Engineering in Academic & Science category
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A Master of Science in engineering (abbreviated MSE, M.Sc.Eng. or MScEng) is a type of Master of Science awarded by universities in many countries. It is an academic degree to be differentiated from a Master of Engineering. A Master of Science in engineering can require completion of a thesis and qualifies the holder to apply for a program leading to a Doctor of Philosophy (often abbreviated Ph.D. or D.Phil.) in engineering, while a Master of Engineering can require completion of a project rather than thesis and usually does not qualify its holder to apply for a Ph.D. or D.Phil. in engineering. The Master of Science in engineering is considered equivalent to diplom degree in engineering in the countries that do not have a specific distinction between M.Eng. and M.Sc.Eng.

Equivalent degrees are:

INFO: Full form for MSE is Multispeed External Clock in Academic & Science category
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INFO: Full form for MSE is Mars Soil Expose in Academic & Science category
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INFO: Full form for NCAG is National College Advocacy Group in Academic & Science category
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INFO: Full form for MRA is Madison Ridgeland Academy in Academic & Science category
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INFO: Full form for MRA is Melanoma Research Alliance in Academic & Science category
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INFO: Full form for MRA is Research Awards in Academic & Science category
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Maximum Overdrive is a 1986 American supernatural black comedy film written and directed by Stephen King. The film stars Emilio Estevez, Pat Hingle, Laura Harrington, and Yeardley Smith. The screenplay was inspired by and loosely based on King's short story "Trucks", which was included in the author's first collection of short stories, Night Shift, and follows the events after all machines (including trucks, radios, drones, arcades, vending machines, etc.) go sentient when the Earth crosses the tail of a comet, initiating a worldwide killing spree.

The film is King's only directorial effort, though dozens of films have been based on his novels or short stories. It contained black humor elements and a generally campy tone, which contrasts with King's sombre subject matter in books. The film has a mid-1980s hard rock soundtrack composed entirely by the group AC/DC (King's favorite band), whose album Who Made Who was released as the Maximum Overdrive soundtrack. It includes the best-selling singles "Who Made Who", "You Shook Me All Night Long", and "Hells Bells".

Maximum Overdrive was theatrically released on July 25, 1986, to generally negative reviews from critics. It was nominated for two Golden Raspberry Awards including Worst Director for King and Worst Actor for Estevez in 1987, but both lost to Prince for Under the Cherry Moon. In 1988, Maximum Overdrive was nominated for "Best Film" at the International Fantasy Film Awards. King disowned the film, describing it as a "moron movie", and considered the process a learning experience, after which he intended never to direct again.

INFO: Full form for MO is Math Oltmpiads in Academic & Science category
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INFO: Full form for MO is Monotonic Convention in Academic & Science category
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