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National Democratic Alliance (NDA) (IAST: Rāṣṭrīya Janatāṃtrika Gaṭhabaṃdhana) is an Indian big tent political alliance led by the right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). It was founded in 1998 and currently controls the government of India as well as the government of 18 Indian states.

Its first chairman was Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. L. K. Advani, the former Deputy Prime Minister, took over as chairman in 2004 and served until 2014, and Amit Shah has been the chairman since 2014. The coalition ruled from 1998 to 2004. The alliance returned to power in the 2014 general elections with a combined vote share of 38.5%. Its leader Narendra Modi was sworn in as Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014. In the 2019 general election, the alliance further increased its tally to 353 seats with combined vote share of 45.43%.

United Progressive Alliance (UPA) is a big tent centre-left political alliance of predominantly left-leaning political parties in India formed after the 2004 general election. The largest member party of the UPA is the Indian National Congress (INC), whose president Sonia Gandhi is chairperson of the UPA. It formed a government with support from some other left-aligned parties in 2004 after no single party could get the majority on its own.