Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Computer and Networking.

INFO: Full form for MMH-MAC is Multilinear Modular Hash - Message Authentication Code in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for MMoMBN is Multimedia over MBN in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for MMUSE is Multiparty Multimedia Session Control in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for MSC-VBR is Multi-mode Source Controlled Variable Bit-Rate in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for MUTOA is Multi-User Telecommunications Outlet Assemblies in Computer and Networking category
MUTOA also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for MOCS is Managed Objects Conformance Statements in Computer and Networking category
MOCS also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for MSID is Mobile Station Identity in Computer and Networking category
MSID also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for MoIP is Modems over Internet Protocol in Computer and Networking category
MoIP also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for MSWG is Mobile Services Working Group (NAFTA/CCT) in Computer and Networking category
MSWG also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for MVD is Motion Vector Data in Computer and Networking category
MVD also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for MSJ is Multiple Selective Reject in Computer and Networking category
MSJ also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA; Spanish: Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, TLCAN; French: Accord de libre-échange nord-américain, ALÉNA) was an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States that created a trilateral trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994, and superseded the 1988 Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Canada. The NAFTA trade bloc formed one of the largest trade blocs in the world by gross domestic product.

The impetus for a North American free trade zone began with U.S. president Ronald Reagan, who made the idea part of his 1980 presidential campaign. After the signing of the Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement in 1988, the administrations of U.S. president George H. W. Bush, Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari, and Canadian prime minister Brian Mulroney agreed to negotiate what became NAFTA. Each submitted the agreement for ratification in their respective capitals in December 1992, but NAFTA faced significant opposition in both the United States and Canada. All three countries ratified NAFTA in 1993 after the addition of two side agreements, the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (NAALC) and the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC).

Passage of NAFTA resulted in the elimination or reduction of barriers to trade and investment between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The effects of the agreement regarding issues such as employment, the environment, and economic growth have been the subject of political disputes. Most economic analyses indicated that NAFTA was beneficial to the North American economies and the average citizen, but harmed a small minority of workers in industries exposed to trade competition. Economists held that withdrawing from NAFTA or renegotiating NAFTA in a way that reestablished trade barriers would have adversely affected the U.S. economy and cost jobs. However, Mexico would have been much more severely affected by job loss and reduction of economic growth in both the short term and long term.

After U.S. President Donald Trump took office in January 2017, he sought to replace NAFTA with a new agreement, beginning negotiations with Canada and Mexico. In September 2018, the United States, Mexico, and Canada reached an agreement to replace NAFTA with the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA), and all three countries had ratified it by March 2020. NAFTA remained in force until USMCA was implemented. In April 2020, Canada and Mexico notified the U.S. that they were ready to implement the agreement. The USMCA took effect on July 1, 2020, replacing NAFTA. The new law involved only small changes.

INFO: Full form for MPCI is Mobile Protocol Capability Indicator in Computer and Networking category
MPCI also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for MVV is Multirate/VAD VBR in Computer and Networking category
MVV also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for MWN is Message Waiting Notification in Computer and Networking category
MWN also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for OATS is Over-the-Air Activation TeleService in Computer and Networking category
OATS also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for NDB is Networked DataBase Service in Computer and Networking category
NDB also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for NPRP is Number Portability Routing Protocol (ETSI TIPHON Project) in Computer and Networking category
NPRP also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for ODTC is Office of Defense Trade Controls (US) in Computer and Networking category
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Video on demand (VOD) is a media distribution system that allows users to access videos without a traditional video playback device and the constraints of a typical static broadcasting schedule. In the 20th century, broadcasting in the form of over-the-air programming was the most common form of media distribution. As Internet and IPTV technologies continued to develop in the 1990s, consumers began to gravitate towards non-traditional modes of content consumption, which culminated in the arrival of VOD on televisions and personal computers.

Unlike broadcast television, VOD systems initially required each user to have an Internet connection with considerable bandwidth to access each system's content. In 2000, the Fraunhofer Institute IIS developed the JPEG2000 codec, which enabled the distribution of movies via Digital Cinema Packages. This technology has since expanded its services from feature-film productions to include broadcast television programmes and has led to lower bandwidth requirements for VOD applications. Disney, Paramount, Sony, Universal and Warner Bros. subsequently launched the Digital Cinema Initiative, in 2002.

Television VOD systems can stream content, either through a traditional set-top box or through remote devices such as computers, tablets, and smartphones. VOD users can permanently download content to a device such as a computer, digital video recorder or a portable media player for continued viewing. The majority of cable and telephone company–based television providers offer VOD streaming, whereby a user selects a video programme that begins to play immediately or downloading to a digital video recorder (DVR) rented or purchased from the provider, or to a PC or to a portable device for deferred viewing.

Streaming media has emerged as an increasingly popular medium of VOD provision. Desktop client applications such as the Apple iTunes online content store and Smart TV apps such as Amazon Prime Video allow temporary rentals and purchases of video entertainment content. Other Internet-based VOD systems provide users with access to bundles of video entertainment content rather than individual movies and shows. The most common of these systems, Netflix, Hulu, Disney+, HBO Max and Paramount+, use a subscription model that requires users to pay a monthly fee for access to a selection of movies, television shows, and original series. In contrast, YouTube, another Internet-based VOD system, uses an advertising-funded model in which users can access most of its video content free of cost but must pay a subscription fee for premium content. Some airlines offer VOD services as in-flight entertainment to passengers through video screens embedded in seats or externally provided portable media players.

INFO: Full form for O&P is Ordering & Provisioning Committee (ATIS) in Computer and Networking category
O&P also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for OAA is On Air Activation in Computer and Networking category
OAA also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for OIW is Open Systems Implementers Workshop in Computer and Networking category
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Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) is a reference model in computer science, which provides a co-ordinating framework for the standardization of open distributed processing (ODP). It supports distribution, interworking, platform and technology independence, and portability, together with an enterprise architecture framework for the specification of ODP systems.

RM-ODP, also named ITU-T Rec. X.901-X.904 and ISO/IEC 10746, is a joint effort by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T).

INFO: Full form for OAP is One step Approval Procedure (ETSI) in Computer and Networking category
OAP also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for OLR is On-Line Reconfiguration in Computer and Networking category
OLR also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for OCCS is Overall Construction Classification System in Computer and Networking category
OCCS also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for ODP is Originator Detection Pattern (V.42) in Computer and Networking category
ODP also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for OLR is Overall Loudness Rating in Computer and Networking category
OLR also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

The National Electrical Contractors Association (NECA) is a trade association in the United States that represents the $171 billion/year electrical contracting industry. NECA supports the businesses that bring power, light, and communication technology to buildings and communities. Through advocacy, education, research, and standards development, NECA works to advance the electrical contracting industry.

INFO: Full form for OFSTP is Optical Fiber Systems Test Procedure in Computer and Networking category

Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory is the term used by the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration to identify third-party organizations that have the necessary qualifications to perform safety testing and certification of products covered within OSHA and each organization's scopes. The testing and certification are conducted in accordance with U.S. consensus-based product safety test standards developed or issued by U.S. standards organizations

INFO: Full form for NSRA is Normal Seamless Rate Adaptation in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for HWCI is Hardware Configuration Item in Computer and Networking category
HWCI also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for HI is High Impedance in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for GASP is Gatekeeper Synchronization Protocol in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for FE-EC is Far End - Echo Canceller in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for FEI is Federation of Electronic Industries (UK) in Computer and Networking category
FEI also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for FER is Frame Error Rate in Computer and Networking category
FER also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for FECC is Far End Camera Control in Computer and Networking category
FECC also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for FBM is FEXT Bit Map mode (G.992.1, Annex C) in Computer and Networking category
FBM also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for FC-PH is Fibre Channel Physical and Signaling Interface (ANSI X3) in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for FCAPS is Faults, Configuration, Accounting, Performance and Security (ISO) in Computer and Networking category
FCAPS also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for FFS is For Further Study in Computer and Networking category
FFS also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for FCF is Forward Control Field in Computer and Networking category
FCF also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for FF is Feed Forward in Computer and Networking category
FF also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for FIF is File Interchange Format in Computer and Networking category
FIF also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.