Explore topic-wise fullforms in Computer Hardware

INFO: Full form for ERIC is Enhanced Remote Insight Card in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for MCD is Music Compact Disc in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for MCD is Multi-channel Desktop in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for VGD is Video Graphics Display in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for ADV is Almost Dead Video in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for MHT is Medium and High Technology in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for MKS is Mouse, Keyboard, Screen in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for AFR is Adaptive Frequency Response in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for LWC is Laser Welded Cassette in Computer Hardware category
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A linear induction motor (LIM) is an alternating current (AC), asynchronous linear motor that works by the same general principles as other induction motors but is typically designed to directly produce motion in a straight line. Characteristically, linear induction motors have a finite primary or secondary length, which generates end-effects, whereas a conventional induction motor is arranged in an endless loop.

Despite their name, not all linear induction motors produce linear motion; some linear induction motors are employed for generating rotations of large diameters where the use of a continuous primary would be very expensive.

As with rotary motors, linear motors frequently run on a three-phase power supply and can support very high speeds. However, there are end-effects that reduce the motor's force, and it is often not possible to fit a gearbox to trade off force and speed. Linear induction motors are thus frequently less energy efficient than normal rotary motors for any given required force output.

LIMs, unlike their rotary counterparts, can give a levitation effect. They are therefore often used where contactless force is required, where low maintenance is desirable, or where the duty cycle is low. Their practical uses include magnetic levitation, linear propulsion, and linear actuators. They have also been used for pumping liquid metals.

INFO: Full form for LIM is Logical Information Machine in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for LIM is Line Interface Module in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for GLM is Gigabit Linking Module in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for GLM is Great Little Microphone in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for KCS is Keyboard Controlled Sequencer in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for WKB is Wasp Keyboard in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for GVP is Genesys Voice Platform in Computer Hardware category
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The von Neumann architecture — also known as the von Neumann model or Princeton architecture — is a computer architecture based on a 1945 description by John von Neumann and others in the First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. That document describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with these components:

The term "von Neumann architecture" has evolved to mean any stored-program computer in which an instruction fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time because they share a common bus. This is referred to as the von Neumann bottleneck and often limits the performance of the system.

The design of a von Neumann architecture machine is simpler than a Harvard architecture machine—which is also a stored-program system but has one dedicated set of address and data buses for reading and writing to memory, and another set of address and data buses to fetch instructions.

A stored-program digital computer keeps both program instructions and data in read–write, random-access memory (RAM). Stored-program computers were an advancement over the program-controlled computers of the 1940s, such as the Colossus and the ENIAC. Those were programmed by setting switches and inserting patch cables to route data and control signals between various functional units. The vast majority of modern computers use the same memory for both data and program instructions, but have caches between the CPU and memory, and, for the caches closest to the CPU, have separate caches for instructions and data, so that most instruction and data fetches use separate buses (split cache architecture).

INFO: Full form for LOT is Limit of Technology in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for VID is Voltage Identifier in Computer Hardware category
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A voltage regulator module (VRM), sometimes called processor power module (PPM), is a buck converter that provides microprocessor and chipset the appropriate supply voltage, converting +5 V or +12 V to a much lower voltage required by the CPU and chipset, allowing processors with different supply voltage to be mounted on the same motherboard. On personal computer (PC) systems, the VRM is typically made up of power MOSFET devices.

INFO: Full form for VIK is Virtually Indestructible Keyboard in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for LAB is Live Audio Board in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for TPI is Test Process Improvement in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for TAU is Terminal Adapter Unit in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for TAU is Thermocouple Attachment Unit in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for HNA is Hitachi Network Architecture in Computer Hardware category
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In television technology, Active Format Description (AFD) is a standard set of codes that can be sent in the MPEG video stream or in the baseband SDI video signal that carries information about their aspect ratio and other active picture characteristics. It has been used by television broadcasters to enable both 4:3 and 16:9 television sets to optimally present pictures transmitted in either format. It has also been used by broadcasters to dynamically control how down-conversion equipment formats widescreen 16:9 pictures for 4:3 displays.

Standard AFD codes provide information to video devices about where in the coded picture the active video is and also the "protected area" which is the area that needs to be shown. Outside the protected area, edges at the sides or the top can be removed without the viewer missing anything significant. Video decoders and display devices can then use this information, together with knowledge of the display shape and user preferences, to choose a presentation mode.

AFD can be used in the generation of Widescreen signaling, although MPEG alone contains enough information to generate this. AFDs are not part of the core MPEG standard; they were originally developed within the Digital TV Group in the UK and submitted to DVB as an extension, which has subsequently also been adopted by ATSC (with some changes). SMPTE has also adopted AFD for baseband SDI carriage as standard SMPTE 2016-1-2007, "Format for Active Format Description and Bar Data".

Active Format Description is occasionally incorrectly referred to as "Active Format Descriptor". There is no "descriptor" (descriptor has a specific meaning in ISO/IEC 13818-1, MPEG syntax). The AFD data is carried in the Video Layer of MPEG, ISO/IEC 13818-2. When carried in digital video, AFDs can be stored in the Video Index Information, in line 11 of the video.

By using AFDs broadcasters can also control the timing of Aspect Ratio switches more accurately than using MPEG signalling alone. This is because the MPEG signalling can only change with a new Group of Pictures in the sequence, which is typically around every 12 frames or half a second - this was not considered accurate enough for some broadcasters who were initially switching frequently between 4:3 and 16:9. The number of Aspect Ratio Converters required in a broadcast facility is also reduced, since the content is described correctly it does not need to be resized for broadcast on a platform that supports AFDs.

In 2012, a Technology & Engineering Emmy Award was awarded for the development and deployment of Active Format Description.

INFO: Full form for ABU is Auxiliary Back-up Unit in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for PEL is Picture Element (a Pixel) in Computer Hardware category
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INFO: Full form for ORP is Open Runtime Platform in Computer Hardware category
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