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Phosphorescence is a type of photoluminescence related to fluorescence. When exposed to light (radiation) of a shorter wavelength, a phosphorescent substance will glow, absorbing the light and reemitting it at a longer wavelength. Unlike fluorescence, a phosphorescent material does not immediately reemit the radiation it absorbs. Instead, a phosphorescent material absorbs some of the radiation energy and reemits it for a much longer time after the radiation source is removed.

In a general or colloquial sense, there is no distinct boundary between the emission times of fluorescence and phosphorescence (i.e.: if a substance glows under a black light it is generally considered fluorescent, and if it glows in the dark it is often simply called phosphorescent). In a modern, scientific sense, the phenomena can usually be classified by the three different mechanisms that produce the light, and the typical timescales during which those mechanisms emit light. Whereas fluorescent materials stop emitting light within nanoseconds (billionths of a second) after the excitation radiation is removed, phosphorescent materials may continue to emit an afterglow ranging from a few microseconds to many hours after the excitation is removed.

There are two, separate mechanisms that may produce phosphorescence, called triplet phosphorescence (or simply phosphorescence) and persistent phosphorescence (or persistent luminescence). Triplet phosphorescence occurs when an atom absorbs a high-energy photon, and the energy becomes locked in the spin multiplicity of the electrons, generally changing from a fluorescent "singlet state" to a slower emitting "triplet state". The slower timescales of the reemission are associated with "forbidden" energy state transitions in quantum mechanics. As these transitions occur relatively slowly in certain materials, absorbed radiation is reemitted at a lower intensity, ranging from a few microseconds to as much as one second after the excitation is removed.

On the other hand, persistent phosphorescence occurs when a high-energy photon is absorbed by an atom and its electron becomes trapped in a defect in the lattice of the crystalline or amorphous material. A defect such as a missing atom (vacancy defect) can trap an electron like a pitfall, storing that electron's energy until released by a random spike of thermal (vibrational) energy. Such a substance will then emit light of gradually decreasing intensity, ranging from a few seconds to up to several hours after the original excitation.

Everyday examples of phosphorescent materials are the glow-in-the-dark toys, stickers, paint, wristwatch and clock dials that glow after being charged with a bright light such as in any normal reading or room light. Typically, the glow slowly fades out, sometimes within a few minutes or up to a few hours in a dark room.

The study of phosphorescent materials led to the discovery of radioactive decay.

A file inclusion vulnerability is a type of web vulnerability that is most commonly found to affect web applications that rely on a scripting run time. This issue is caused when an application builds a path to executable code using an attacker-controlled variable in a way that allows the attacker to control which file is executed at run time. A file include vulnerability is distinct from a generic directory traversal attack, in that directory traversal is a way of gaining unauthorized file system access, and a file inclusion vulnerability subverts how an application loads code for execution. Successful exploitation of a file inclusion vulnerability will result in remote code execution on the web server that runs the affected web application. An attacker can use remote code execution to create a web shell on the web server, which can be used for website defacement.

INFO: Full form for LFI is Last File Indicator in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for LFI is Low Speed Link Features in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for LFI is Line Frame Interface in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for LAB is Linux Audio Board in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for LAB is Logic Array Block in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for LAB is Link Assignment Block in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for LAB is Latency Adjustment Buffer in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for ISH is Informatique pour les Sciences Humaines in Computing category
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The Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology is published by American Scientific Publishers, a company identified as a predatory publisher on Beall's List.

INFO: Full form for LAI is Local Area Identity in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for LAI is LTR Assembly Index in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for LAI is Location Area Identify in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for LAI is Local Application Interface in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for IUL is Illegal Use of Label in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for INN is Internal Network Number in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for INN is Imagination Network in Computing category
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Sierra Entertainment, Inc. (formerly On-Line Systems and Sierra On-Line, Inc.) was an American video game developer and publisher. The company was founded in 1979 by Ken and Roberta Williams, and known for pioneering the graphic adventure game genre including the first such game, Roberta's Mystery House. The company is known for its graphical adventure game series King's Quest, Space Quest, Police Quest, Gabriel Knight, Leisure Suit Larry, and Quest for Glory.

After seventeen years as its own company, Sierra was acquired by CUC International in February 1996 to become part of CUC Software. However, CUC International was caught in an accounting scandal in 1998, and many of the original founders of Sierra including the Williams left the company. Sierra remained as part of CUC Software as it was sold and renamed several times over the next few years; Sierra was formally disestablished as a company and reformed as a division of this group in August 2004. The former CUC Software group was acquired by Vivendi and branded as Vivendi Games in 2006. The Sierra division continued to operate through Vivendi Games' merger with Activision to form Activision Blizzard on July 10, 2008, but was shut down later that year. The Sierra brand was revived by Activision in 2014 to re-release former Sierra games and some independently developed games.

INFO: Full form for INN is Intermediate Network Node in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for INI is in and Increment in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for INI is Industrial Network Infrastructure in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for INI is Internal Network Interface in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for HUB is Home User and Business in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for IGA is Information and e-Government Authority in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for IGA is Integrated Graphics Accelerator in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for IGA is In Game Advertising in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for HLS is Hue-Lightness-Saturation in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for HLS is Hue Lightning Saturation in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for HLS is High Level Service in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for HLS is Home Location Server in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for HLS is Halt Line State in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for HLS is Hardware Logic Synthesis in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for URM is Universal Records Management in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for URM is Universal Retention Module in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for URM is Universal Register Machine in Computing category
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INFO: Full form for URM is Utility Reference Model in Computing category
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