Explore topic-wise fullforms in Current Affairs

INFO: Full form for VAT is Virtual Anaesthesia Textbook in Computing category
VAT also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for VAT is Virtual Allocation Table in Computing category
VAT also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for VAT is Value Attribute Table in Computing category
VAT also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for TIN is Tass Iain's Newsreader in Computing category
TIN also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for TIN is Tin Isn'ta Newsreader in Computing category
TIN also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for TIN is Tracking Identification Number in Computing category
TIN also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

Personal and Ubiquitous Computing is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1997. It covers original research on ubiquitous and pervasive computing, ambient intelligence, and wearable and mobile information devices, with a focus on user experience and interaction design issues. The journal publishes a mixture of issues themed on specific topics, or organised around scientific workshops, and original research papers.

The editor-in-chief is Peter Thomas. The journal is published by Springer Nature.

INFO: Full form for PUC is Peripheral Unit Controller in Computing category
PUC also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

The Storage Resource Management (SRM) technology was initiated by the Scientific Data Management Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and developed in response to the growing needs of managing large datasets on a variety of storage systems.

Dynamic storage management is essential to ensure:

Storage Resource Managers (SRMs) address issues by coordinating storage allocation, streaming the data between sites, and enforcing secure interfaces to the storage systems (i.e. dealing with special security requirements of each storage system at its home institution.) In a production environment, using SRMs has reduced error rates of large-scale replication from 1% to 0.02% in the STAR project. Furthermore, SRMs can prevent job failures. When running jobs on clusters, some of the local disks get filled before the job finishes resulting in loss of productivity, and therefore a delay in analysis. This occurs because space was not dynamically allocated and previous unneeded files were not removed. While there are tools for dynamically allocating compute and network resources, SRMs are the only tool available for providing dynamic space reservation, guaranteeing secure file availability with lifetime support, and automatic garbage collection that prevents clogging of storage systems.

The SRM specification has evolved into an international de facto standard, and many projects have committed to using this technology, especially in the HEP and HENP communities, such as the Worldwide Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Computing Grid (WLCG) that supports ATLAS and CMS.The SRM approach is to develop a uniform standard interface that allows multiple implementations by various institutions to interoperate. This approach removes the dependence on a single implementation and permits multiple groups to develop SRM systems for their specific storage resources. Hence, it became crucial to the interoperation of storage systems for such large-scale projects that have to manage and distribute massive amounts of data efficiently and securely. Without such a unifying technology, such projects cannot scale and are bound to fail. This problem will only grow over time as computing facilities move into the petascale regime.

Another important problem that SRMs address is storage clogging. Storage clogging is a critical problem for large-scale shared storage systems since the removal of files after they are used is not automated. This increases the cost of storage and slows the analysis and discovery process. SRMs help unclog temporary storage systems, by providing lifetime management of accessed files. This capability is crucial to efficient usage of storage under cost constraints.

SRMs also serve as gateways to secure data access. By limiting external access to all storage systems through a standard SRM interface, one can assure not only authenticated access, but also the enforcement of authorized access to files.The SRM technology was highly successful in SciDAC-1 and is currently used in production in several large collaborations. SRM implementations that interoperate have been developed at LBNL, FNAL, and TJNAF, as well as several sites in Europe. Furthermore, this technology increases the scientist’s productivity by eliminating the tedious and time-consuming tasks of managing storage, performing robust data movement, and dealing with security requirements at various storage sites.

In addition to leading the SRM standard development by coordinating with multiple institutions, the LBNL team has developed SRM systems to disk storage and mass storage systems, including HPSS. These SRMs have been used in several application domains, including multiple projects at the SDM center, Earth System Grid, the STAR experiment, and the Open Science Grid (OSG). As data sets continue to grow and become ever more complex, these projects depend on the continued development and support of the SRM implementations from LBNL. It is essential to capitalize on the SciDAC-1 successes and sustain current projects that depend on the SRM technology, further improving and deploying SRMs in additional projects and application domains, and continued evolution of the SRM standard. Specifically, based on past experience, we have identified important features that require further development and coordination. These include sophisticated aspects of resource monitoring that can be used for performance estimation, authorization enforcement, and accounting tracking and reporting to enforce quota usage in SRMs. Another aspect that needs further development is SRMs for multi-component storage systems. Such systems, made of a combination of multiple disk arrays, parallel file systems, a reference

INFO: Full form for SRM is System Reference Model in Computing category
SRM also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for SRM is Support and Retention Module in Computing category
SRM also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for SRM is System Renewability Message in Computing category
SRM also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for SRM is Surroundings Repair Method in Computing category
SRM also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for SRM is Script Running Machine in Computing category
SRM also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

Structural risk minimization (SRM) is an inductive principle of use in machine learning. Commonly in machine learning, a generalized model must be selected from a finite data set, with the consequent problem of overfitting – the model becoming too strongly tailored to the particularities of the training set and generalizing poorly to new data. The SRM principle addresses this problem by balancing the model's complexity against its success at fitting the training data. This principle was first set out in a 1974 paper by Vladimir Vapnik and Alexey Chervonenkis and uses the VC dimension.

In practical terms, Structural Risk Minimization is implemented by minimizing E t r a i n + β H ( W ) {\displaystyle E_{train}+\beta H(W)} , where E t r a i n {\displaystyle E_{train}} is the train error, the function H ( W ) {\displaystyle H(W)} is called a regularization function, and β {\displaystyle \beta } is a constant. H ( W ) {\displaystyle H(W)} is chosen such that it takes large values on parameters W {\displaystyle W} that belong to high-capacity subsets of the parameter space. Minimizing H ( W ) {\displaystyle H(W)} in effect limits the capacity of the accessible subsets of the parameter space, thereby controlling the trade-off between minimizing the training error and minimizing the expected gap between the training error and test error.

The SRM problem can be formulated in terms of data. Given n data points consisting of data x and labels y, the objective J ( θ ) reference

INFO: Full form for SRM is Small Red Monitor in Computing category
SRM also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

The Penrose method (or square-root method) is a method devised in 1946 by Professor Lionel Penrose for allocating the voting weights of delegations (possibly a single representative) in decision-making bodies proportional to the square root of the population represented by this delegation. This is justified by the fact that, due to the square root law of Penrose, the a priori voting power (as defined by the Penrose–Banzhaf index) of a member of a voting body is inversely proportional to the square root of its size. Under certain conditions, this allocation achieves equal voting powers for all people represented, independent of the size of their constituency. Proportional allocation would result in excessive voting powers for the electorates of larger constituencies.

A precondition for the appropriateness of the method is en bloc voting of the delegations in the decision-making body: a delegation cannot split its votes; rather, each delegation has just a single vote to which weights are applied proportional to the square root of the population they represent. Another precondition is that the opinions of the people represented are statistically independent. The representativity of each delegation results from statistical fluctuations within the country, and then, according to Penrose, "small electorate are likely to obtain more representative governments than large electorates." A mathematical formulation of this idea results in the square root rule.

The Penrose method is not currently being used for any notable decision-making body, but it has been proposed for apportioning representation in a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly, and for voting in the Council of the European Union.

INFO: Full form for SRM is Service Resource Module in Computing category
SRM also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for SRM is Security Risk Management in Computing category
SRM also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for SRM is Safety and Risk Management in Computing category
SRM also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.