Explore topic-wise fullforms in Current Affairs

INFO: Full form for IO is Immediate Outcomes in Governmental category
IO also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for IO is Identification Orders in Governmental category
IO also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for IO is Investigating Officer in Governmental category
IO also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

The India Office was a British government department established in London in 1858 to oversee the administration, through a Viceroy and other officials, of the Provinces of British India. These territories comprised most of the modern-day nations of Indian Subcontinent as well as Yemen and other territories around the Indian Ocean. The department was headed by the Secretary of State for India, a member of the British cabinet, who was formally advised by the Council of India.

Upon the independence of India in 1947 into the new independent dominion of India of the India Office was closed down. Responsibility for the United Kingdom's relations with the new country was transferred to the Commonwealth Relations Office (formerly the Dominions Office).

International Organization is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the entire field of international affairs. It was established in 1947 and is published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the International Organization Foundation. The editor-in-chief is Erik Voeten (Georgetown University).

International Organization is considered the leading journal in the field of International Relations, and one the top journals in political science. In a 2005 survey of international relations scholars on "which journals publish articles that have the greatest impact" in their field, about 70% included International Organization among the 4 "top journals", ranking it first among 28 journals. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 4.517, ranking it 2nd out of 169 journals in the category "Political Science" and 1st out of 85 journals in the category "International Relations".

The journal was founded in 1947 by the World Peace Foundation, a philanthropic institution. In its early years, the journal focused on the United Nations, but expanded its scope over time to become a general international relations journal. The journal has been credited with helping to establish the subfield of International Political Economy within International Relations. Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye, who joined the journal in 1968, played an important role in steering the journal from scholarship focused on the UN to generalist scholarship in International Relations. Keohane and Nye broadened the definition of institution so that it did not exclusively refer to formal organizations. In the 1990s, the journal played an important role in expanding the theoretical pluralism of International relations scholarship, bringing prominence to social theories (such as rational choice and constructivism) alongside the traditional realist and liberal theoretical frameworks.

Keohane was editor of the journal from 1972 to 1980. Peter J. Katzenstein was editor of the journal from 1980 to 1986. Stephen D. Krasner was editor of the journal from 1986 to 1991. The journal has been the flagship journal of International Relations since the mid-1970s.

INFO: Full form for IO is Information Officer in Governmental category
IO also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

An immigration officer is a law enforcement official whose job is to ensure that immigration legislation is enforced. This can cover the rules of entry for visa applicants, foreign nationals or those seeking asylum at the border, detecting and apprehending those that have breached the border and removing them, or pursuing those in breach of immigration and criminal laws.

INFO: Full form for IO is Instant Offense in Governmental category
IO also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for IO is Imperial Order in Governmental category
IO also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for IO is INBOARD/ OUTBOARD in Governmental category
IO also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for LCA is Litigation Counsel of America in Governmental category
LCA also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for LCA is Library Copyright Alliance in Governmental category
LCA also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for LCA is Life Cycle Act in Governmental category
LCA also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for LCA is Lehigh County Authority in Governmental category
LCA also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for GD is Given Date in Governmental category
GD also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

Gradient descent is a first-order iterative optimization algorithm for finding a local minimum of a differentiable function. The idea is to take repeated steps in the opposite direction of the gradient (or approximate gradient) of the function at the current point, because this is the direction of steepest descent. Conversely, stepping in the direction of the gradient will lead to a local maximum of that function; the procedure is then known as gradient ascent.

Gradient descent is generally attributed to Cauchy, who first suggested it in 1847. Hadamard independently proposed a similar method in 1907. Its convergence properties for non-linear optimization problems were first studied by Haskell Curry in 1944, with the method becoming increasingly well-studied and used in the following decades, also often called steepest descent.

INFO: Full form for GD is Guidance Document in Governmental category
GD also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.