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The National Institute for Pharmaceutical Technology and Education (NIPTE) is a non-profit scientific and research and development organization that was established in 2005 and incorporated in June 2007 in the State of Indiana. Its offices are currently located in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

NIPTE's current membership includes 18 leading schools and colleges of pharmacy and chemical engineering from the following universities: University of Mississippi, Duquesne University, University of Rochester, Illinois Institute of Technology, Purdue University, Rutgers University, University of Puerto Rico, Long Island University, University of Connecticut, University of Texas at Austin, University of Iowa, University of Kentucky, University of Maryland, Texas A&M University, University of Michigan, University of Minnesota, University of Kansas and University of Wisconsin.

INFO: Full form for TMDE/PST is Test, Measurement, and Diagnostic Equipment/ Production Surveillance Test in Governmental category

INFO: Full form for TPQ-47 is Upgraded Weapon Locating Radar in Governmental category

Tropospheric scatter, also known as troposcatter, is a method of communicating with microwave radio signals over considerable distances – often up to 300 kilometres (190 mi), and further depending on terrain and climate factors. This method of propagation uses the tropospheric scatter phenomenon, where radio waves at UHF and SHF frequencies are randomly scattered as they pass through the upper layers of the troposphere. Radio signals are transmitted in a narrow beam aimed just above the horizon in the direction of the receiver station. As the signals pass through the troposphere, some of the energy is scattered back toward the Earth, allowing the receiver station to pick up the signal.

Normally, signals in the microwave frequency range travel in straight lines, and so are limited to line of sight applications, in which the receiver can be 'seen' by the transmitter. Communication distances are limited by the visual horizon to around 48–64 kilometres (30–40 mi). Troposcatter allows microwave communication beyond the horizon. It was developed in the 1950s and used for military communications until communications satellites largely replaced it in the 1970s.

Because the troposphere is turbulent and has a high proportion of moisture, the tropospheric scatter radio signals are refracted and consequently only a tiny proportion of the transmitted radio energy is collected by the receiving antennas. Frequencies of transmission around 2 GHz are best suited for tropospheric scatter systems as at this frequency the wavelength of the signal interacts well with the moist, turbulent areas of the troposphere, improving signal to noise ratios.

INFO: Full form for VSHORAD is Very SHOrt-Range Air Defense in Governmental category

A counter-battery radar (alternatively weapon tracking radar or COBRA) is a radar system that detects artillery projectiles fired by one or more guns, howitzers, mortars or rocket launchers and, from their trajectories, locates the position on the ground of the weapon that fired it.: 5–18 Such radars are a subclass of the wider class of target acquisition radars.

Early counter-battery radars were generally used against mortars, whose lofted trajectories were highly symmetrical and allowed easy calculation of the launcher's location. Starting in the 1970s, digital computers with improved calculation capabilities allowed more complex trajectories of long-range artillery to also be determined. Normally, these radars would be attached to friendly artillery units or their support units, allowing them to quickly arrange counter-battery fire.: 5–15 

With the aid of modern communications systems, the information from a single radar can be rapidly disseminated over long distances. This allows the radar to notify multiple batteries as well as provide early warning to the friendly targets. Modern counter-battery radar can locate hostile batteries up to about 50 km away depending on the radar's capabilities and the terrain and weather. Some counter-battery radars can also be used to track the fire of friendly artillery and calculate corrections to adjust its fire onto a particular place, but this is usually a secondary mission objective.: C-1 

Radar is the most recently developed means of locating hostile artillery. The emergence of indirect fire in World War I saw the development of sound ranging, flash spotting and air reconnaissance, both visual and photographic. Radars, like sound ranging and flash spotting, require hostile guns, etc., to fire before they can be located.

The troposphere is the first and lowest layer of the atmosphere of the Earth, and contains 75% of the total mass of the planetary atmosphere, 99% of the total mass of water vapour and aerosols, and is where most weather phenomena occur. From the planetary surface of the Earth, the average height of the troposphere is 18 km (11 mi; 59,000 ft) in the tropics; 17 km (11 mi; 56,000 ft) in the middle latitudes; and 6 km (3.7 mi; 20,000 ft) in the high latitudes of the polar regions in winter; thus the average height of the troposphere is 13 km (8.1 mi; 43,000 ft).

The term troposphere derives from the Greek words tropos (rotating) and sphaira (sphere) indicating that rotational turbulence mixes the layers of air and so determines the structure and the phenomena of the troposphere. The rotational friction of the troposphere against the planetary surface affects the flow of the air, and so forms the planetary boundary layer (PBL) that varies in height from hundreds of meters up to 2 km (1.2 mi; 6,600 ft). The measures of the PBL vary according to the latitude, the landform, and the time of day when the meteorological measurement is realized. Atop the troposphere is the tropopause, which is the functional atmospheric border that demarcates the troposphere from the stratosphere. As such, because the tropopause is an inversion layer in which air-temperature increases with altitude, the temperature of the troposphere remains constant.

INFO: Full form for TPQ-36 is Firefinder Radar in Governmental category

INFO: Full form for NIQR is National Institution for Quality and Reliability in Governmental category

INFO: Full form for PHEV is Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for PHEV is Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for PHEV is Pneumatic Hybrid Electric Vehicle in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for PHEV is Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle in Governmental category
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National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS) in Kuru, Nigeria is a policy formation center for bureaucrats, private sector leaders, Army officers, and medium-rank and senior civil servants, which was founded in 1979. Most policymakers in Nigeria have attended the NIPSS. Its first Director General was Major General Ogundeko. The current Director General is Professor Tijjanii Muhammad-Bande (OFR). Notable graduates of the NIPSS are General Ibrahim Babangida the former Nigerian Head of State, and Comrade Ajayi Olusegun, the former Director General of Nigeria Policy Study and Mallam Nuhu Ribadu, the anti-corruption campaigner.

INFO: Full form for NIPSS is National Institute for Policy Strategic Studies in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for PIDP is Programmable Indicator Data Processor in Governmental category
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The Non-classified Internet Protocol (IP) Router Network (NIPRNet) is an IP network used to exchange unclassified information, including information subject to controls on distribution, among the private network's users. The NIPRNet also provides its users access to the Internet.

It is one of the United States Department of Defense's three main networks. The others include SIPRNet and JWICS.

INFO: Full form for WASES is World Aquaculture Society Employment Service in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for TROIF is Total Recordable Occupational Illness Frequency in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for WASES is Weyburn and Area Supportive Employment Services in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for FLHG is Florida Living History Group in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for NIPSS is National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (Nigeria) in Governmental category
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National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS) in Kuru, Nigeria is a policy formation center for bureaucrats, private sector leaders, Army officers, and medium-rank and senior civil servants, which was founded in 1979. Most policymakers in Nigeria have attended the NIPSS. Its first Director General was Major General Ogundeko. The current Director General is Professor Tijjanii Muhammad-Bande (OFR). Notable graduates of the NIPSS are General Ibrahim Babangida the former Nigerian Head of State, and Comrade Ajayi Olusegun, the former Director General of Nigeria Policy Study and Mallam Nuhu Ribadu, the anti-corruption campaigner.

Sydney Institute of Business and Technology (SIBT) offers Foundation Studies (Pre-University) and University-level Diplomas. Upon successful completion of a SIBT Diploma, students enter the appropriate bachelor's degree as a second year student. Over 20,000 SIBT graduates have successfully gone on to graduate since 1996.

INFO: Full form for SLCM is Sea Launched Cruise Missile in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for MTCAD is Mobilization Training Center Arrival Date in Governmental category

INFO: Full form for RTD.COL is Retired Colonel in Governmental category

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INFO: Full form for SGGM is Superconducting Gravity Gradiometer Mission in Governmental category

INFO: Full form for SIBYL is Synergistic Image Building Yttrium LADAR in Governmental category

INFO: Full form for NPPES is National Plan & Provider Enumeration System (HHS) in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for OTFP is Other Than a Food Processing facility in Governmental category

The Tennessee Department of Financial Institutions (TDFI) is a Cabinet-level agency within Tennessee state government, currently led by Greg Gonzales, Commissioner of Financial Institutions. The Department is responsible for regulating Tennessee's banking system, including state-chartered banks and credit unions, and handling consumer complaints involving state regulated financial institutions. The Department is divided into the Administrative/Legal Division, Bank Division, Compliance Division, Consumer Resources Division, and the Credit Union Division - each of which is led by an Assistant Commissioner.

The Banking Department, created in 1913, was headed by the Superintendent of Banks when it was first established, ten years later credit unions were added to its responsibilities. Over the next eighty-five years, the Department made a final name change and increased regulatory responsibilities to cover trust companies, licensed business and industrial development corporations (BIDCOs), industrial loan and thrift offices, insurance premium finance companies, mortgage companies, check cashers, deferred presentment services companies, money transmitters, and title loan companies.

INFO: Full form for HCED is Hand Controller Engage Driver in Governmental category

INFO: Full form for TDFD is Time Delay Firing Device in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for SWAYAM is Study Webs of Active in Governmental category

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A submarine-launched cruise missile (SLCM) is a cruise missile that is launched from a submarine (especially a SSG or SSGN). Current versions are typically standoff weapons known as land-attack cruise missiles (LACMs), which are used to attack predetermined land targets with conventional or nuclear payloads. Anti-ship cruise missiles (ASCMs) are also used, and some submarine-launched cruise missiles have variants for both functions.

INFO: Full form for PERIS is Public Employees Retirement Information System in Governmental category

The Salt Lake City Police Department (SLCPD) is the police department of Salt Lake City, Utah.

INFO: Full form for WDHH is Wisconsin Office for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in Governmental category

Judicial Conduct Investigations Office (JCIO) is an independent statutory office in the England whose remit is to investigate allegations of Judicial misconduct. Their offices are located in the Royal Courts of Justice, London. Their role is to support the Lord Chancellor and Lord Chief Justice who share responsibility for judicial discipline in England and Wales. It was established on 1 October 2013 when it replaced the Office for Judicial Complaints. The equivalent in Scotland is the Judicial Complaints Reviewer. The body was created under the Constitutional Reform Act 2005.

The JCIO publishes "Disciplinary statements" when they issue a disciplinary sanction to a judicial office holder upon finding of misconduct. Such statements are deleted after one year for sanctions below removal from office, after five years when the sanction is removal from office. However the Lord Chancellor and Lord Chief Justice may, at their discretion, decline to publish a disciplinary statement.

INFO: Full form for JCIO is Judicial Conduct and Investigations Office in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for COCCA is Colorado Organized Crime Control Act in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for SLCTB is Sri Lanka Central Transport Board in Governmental category

INFO: Full form for VCH-16 is Voice Channel 16 in Governmental category

INFO: Full form for RIFG is Research Institute for Fruit Growing in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for RECEIPT is Rapidly Engaging Criminal Entities Involving Property Thefts in Governmental category

The Foster-Miller TALON remotely operated vehicle is a small, tracked military robot designed for missions ranging from reconnaissance to combat. It is made by US robotics company Qinetiq-NA, a subsidiary of Qinetiq.

INFO: Full form for RIFTS is Rapidly Installed Fluid Transfer System in Governmental category