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The Intellectual Property Office (TIPO; Chinese: 經濟部智慧財產局; pinyin: Jīngjìbù Zhìhuì Cáichǎnjú) is the patent, trademark, and copyright office of Taiwan. It operates under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA). As of July 2011, TIPO had a staff of 734 persons, with more than half of them handling patent matters.

Working Capital for Community Needs (WCCN) is a 501(c)3 charitable nonprofit organization with headquarters in Madison, WI, whose mission is to create opportunities for access to microfinance, services and markets to improve the lives and communities of the working poor in Latin America. WCCN works with partner Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) and Fair Trade Cooperatives in Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Peru.

History

WCCN was founded as the Wisconsin Coordinating Council on Nicaragua in 1984 by former members of the Alliance for Progress, including current Wisconsin Secretary of State Doug La Follette. WCCN was active in the U.S.-Nicaragua "sister city" movement, organized medical aid campaigns, and sent other forms of material aid to Nicaragua. Activities also focused on political activism and solidarity.

After the Contra War ended in 1990, WCCN sought out a new way to aid Nicaraguans living in poverty. In 1991, WCCN led a socially responsible trade and investment delegation that laid the groundwork for subsequent work on economic development. In 1992, WCCN, together with the Nicaraguan Council of Protestant Churches (CEPAD), developed the first private microfinance fund in Nicaragua (called PRESTANIC) to serve as a source of financing for small businesses and low-income farmers. In 2008 WCCN began to diversify its lending activities to countries beyond Nicaragua. In 2010, WCCN changed its name to Working Capital for Community Needs. In the same year, WCCN began investing in value-chain financing (also called agricultural financing), especially in fair trade coffee, and partnered with MicroPlace, an online broker-dealer which allowed investors to invest as little as $20, until the company's closing in early 2014.

Mission and Philosophy

WCCN's mission is to create opportunities for access to microfinance, services and markets to improve the lives and communities of the working poor in Latin America. WCCN's priorities are microfinance, women's empowerment, fair trade and housing.

Investments

WCCN lends money directly to microfinance institutions or farming cooperatives in partner countries, which in turn support local people through small loans and technical assistance. The average loan to an individual end borrower was $945 as during 2013. Over 3,000 individual investors and 62 institutional investors support WCCN. WCCN has lent over $98 million in impact investments to support Latin American entrepreneurs and farmers since 1991. In 2013, WCCN lent to 31,000 micro-borrowers and made $10 million in new loans. More than two-thirds of WCCN's individual borrowers during 2013 women.

The Capital for Communities Fund

WCCN created The Capital for Communities Fund to address one of the root causes of poverty and social injustice: lack of credit for the poor and disenfranchised. The Capital Communities Fund operates by channeling funds from socially responsible investors to Latin American non-governmental organizations (partner agencies) that specialize in providing credit and access to international markets to marginalized sectors of Latin American Society. Loans to farmers, cooperatives and small businesses affect the local communities as funds circulate and generate employment at the local level.

INFO: Full form for CWPB is Child Welfare Protection Bureau in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for WTDR is World Telecommunication Development Report in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for MICO is Management Information Control Officer in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for NDFC is National Donor Family Council in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for MICRA is Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for WCRW is Washington County Republican Women in Governmental category
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The Medical Injury Compensation Reform Act (MICRA) of 1975 was a statute enacted by the California Legislature in September 1975 (and signed into law by Governor Jerry Brown in September), which was intended to lower medical malpractice liability insurance premiums for healthcare providers in that state by decreasing their potential tort liability.

MICRA's stated justification, in turn, was to keep healthcare providers as a whole financially solvent, thus lowering the cost of healthcare services and increasing their availability. MICRA's constitutionality was repeatedly challenged during the 1970s and 1980s, but most of it was eventually upheld as constitutional under rational basis review by the Supreme Court of California or the California Courts of Appeal. Almost all of MICRA is still in effect and still part of California law.

INFO: Full form for MICO is Moderate Intensity Combat Operations in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for WCRO is War Crimes Research Office in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for SHCL is State Human Cloning Laws in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for PODAR is Potential Offender Deemed At Risk in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for NREB is Natural Resources And Environmental Board in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for NREB is Nnatural Resourses And Environmental Board in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for TBOC is Transportation Bond Oversight Committee in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for HEPH is Heavy Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbon in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for UNFIP is United Nations Fund for International Partnerships in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for ETMAC is East Tennessee Military Affairs Council (Knoxville) in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for AFES is Automated Fire Extinguishing System in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for ADCCW is Arlington Diocesan Council of Catholic Women in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for ADCCW is Arlington Diocese Council of Catholic Women in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for WBJ is Whistle Ban Jurisdiction in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for GCHRO is Green Charter Human Rights Organization in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for IEIB is International Energy Insurance Brokers in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for ASBCA is Atlantic Striped Bass Conservation Act in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for PDMI is Product Data Management Initiative in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for BIMSTEC is Bay of Initiative for Multi Sectoral Technical Economic Cooperation in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for BIMSTEC is Bengal Initiative for Multi Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for ECPH is Environmental Chemical Pollution and Health in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for CPRB is Citizen Police Review Board in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for CPRB is Citizens Police Review Board in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for CPRB is Community Police Review Board in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for SWEB is South Western Energy Board in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for ABOC is Aboriginal-Based Organized Crime in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for PCCN is Provisioning Contract Control Number in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for MPPI is Maryland Public Policy Institute in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for MPPI is Manitoba Professional Planners Institute in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for MPPI is Maine Public Policy Institute in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for MPPI is McNair Promising Practices Institute in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for TeNo is Technische Nothilfe (Technical Emergency Corps) in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for NASCA is North American Sustainable Consumption Alliance in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for RENI is Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intake in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for LMLP is Leveraging Military Leadership Program in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for LMLP is Leverett Municipal Light Plant in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for TEFRA is Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, P.L. No. 97-248 in Governmental category
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