Explore topic-wise fullforms in Current Affairs

INFO: Full form for ELAM is Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for a.p. is before a meal (Latin ante prandium in Medical category

INFO: Full form for a.c. is before a meal (Latin ante cibum) in Medical category
a.c. also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for A.T.S. is Anti-Tetanus Serum in Medical category

INFO: Full form for A/B is Acid/Base ratio in Medical category

The urinary bladder, or simply bladder, is a hollow muscular organ in humans and other vertebrates that stores urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination. In humans the bladder is a hollow distensible organ that sits on the pelvic floor. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra. The typical human bladder will hold between 300 and 500 ml (10.14 and 16.91 fl oz) before the urge to empty occurs, but can hold considerably more.

The Latin phrase for "urinary bladder" is vesica urinaria, and the term vesical or prefix vesico - appear in connection with associated structures such as vesical veins. The modern Latin word for "bladder" – cystis – appears in associated terms such as cystitis (inflammation of the bladder).

Brodmann area 8 is one of Brodmann's cytologically defined regions of the brain. It is involved in planning complex movements.

INFO: Full form for EOBI is Early-Onset Bacterial Infection in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for EOY is Every Other Year in Medical category
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The dram (alternative British spelling drachm; apothecary symbol ʒ or ℨ; abbreviated dr): C-6–C-7 is a unit of mass in the avoirdupois system, and both a unit of mass and a unit of volume in the apothecaries' system. It was originally both a coin and a weight in ancient Greece. The unit of volume is more correctly called a fluid dram, fluid drachm, fluidram or fluidrachm (abbreviated fl dr, ƒ 3, or fʒ).: C-17 

INFO: Full form for Cu-IUD is copper intrauterine device in Medical category

INFO: Full form for DUCBT is Double Unrelated Cord Bone Marrow Transplant in Medical category

INFO: Full form for EAZWVS is European Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinary Surgeons in Medical category

INFO: Full form for DUDIT is Drug Use Disorders Identification Test in Medical category

INFO: Full form for DUDD is Decentralized Unit Dose Dispensing in Medical category

INFO: Full form for AFZR is Autism-Free Zone Required in Medical category

INFO: Full form for AF Survey is Atrial Fibrillation Survey in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for CR&C is Closed reduction and cast in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for AF-AFP is amniotic fluid alpha fetoprotein in Medical category

INFO: Full form for AF-F is Atrial Fibrillation-Flutter in Medical category

INFO: Full form for A-P is Anterior-Posterior in Medical category

Ataxia–telangiectasia (AT or A–T), also referred to as ataxia–telangiectasia syndrome or Louis–Bar syndrome, is a rare, neurodegenerative, autosomal recessive disease causing severe disability. Ataxia refers to poor coordination and telangiectasia to small dilated blood vessels, both of which are hallmarks of the disease. A–T affects many parts of the body:

Symptoms most often first appear in early childhood (the toddler stage) when children begin to sit or walk. Though they usually start walking at a normal age, they wobble or sway when walking, standing still or sitting. In late pre-school and early school age, they develop difficulty moving their eyes in a natural manner from one place to the next (oculomotor apraxia). They develop slurred or distorted speech, and swallowing problems. Some have an increased number of respiratory tract infections (ear infections, sinusitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia). Because not all children develop in the same manner or at the same rate, it may be some years before A–T is properly diagnosed. Most children with A–T have stable neurologic symptoms for the first 4–5 years of life, but begin to show increasing problems in early school years.

A–T is caused by a defect in the ATM gene, which is involved in the recognition and repair of damaged DNA. The prevalence of A–T is estimated to be as high as 1 in 40,000 to as low as 1 in 300,000 people.

INFO: Full form for PIAPHP is Partners in Information Access for Public Health Professionals in Medical category

INFO: Full form for C & R is Control and Restraint in Medical category

INFO: Full form for C & A is Child & Adolescent in Medical category

INFO: Full form for A-Si is Amorphous Silicon in Medical category

INFO: Full form for D/DW is Dextrose in distilled water in Medical category

INFO: Full form for EIAV is Equine Infectious Anemia Virus in Medical category

INFO: Full form for D/C is Diarrhoea/Constipation in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for D/H is Drug History in Medical category

INFO: Full form for D/I is Drug Interaction in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for D/C is D/C Discontinue . For example, a doctor will D/C a drug. . in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for pJAK is phosphorylated Janus kinase in Medical category

INFO: Full form for PIVOT is Prostate Cancer Intervention vs. Observation Trial in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PK/PD is PharmacoKinetics and PharmacoDynamics in Medical category

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), formerly called Hallervorden–Spatz syndrome, is a genetic degenerative disease of the brain that can lead to parkinsonism, dystonia, dementia, and ultimately death. Neurodegeneration in PKAN is accompanied by an excess of iron that progressively builds up in the brain.

Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) EC 3.1.1.4 are enzymes that cleave fatty acid in position two of phospholipids, hydrolyzing the bond between the second fatty acid “tail” and the glycerol molecule. This particular phospholipase specifically recognizes the sn-2 acyl bond of phospholipids and catalytically hydrolyzes the bond, releasing arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidic acid. Upon downstream modification by cyclooxygenases or lipoxygenases, arachidonic acid is modified into active compounds called eicosanoids. Eicosanoids include prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which are categorized as anti-inflammatory and inflammatory mediators.

PLA2 enzymes are commonly found in mammalian tissues as well as arachnid, insect, and snake venom. Venom from both snakes and insects is largely composed of melittin, which is a stimulant of PLA2. Due to the increased presence and activity of PLA2 resulting from a snake or insect bite, arachidonic acid is released from the phospholipid membrane disproportionately. As a result, inflammation and pain occur at the site. There are also prokaryotic A2 phospholipases.

Additional types of phospholipases include phospholipase A1, phospholipase B, phospholipase C, and phospholipase D.

Exception, exceptions or expectional may refer to:

INFO: Full form for X22 is Clathrin Heavy Chain Monoclonal Antibody in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for YUA is Yakima Urology Associates in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for XAS is X-linked AlportSyndrome in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PF4 is Platelet factor4 in Medical category

INFO: Full form for W&D is Warm and Dry in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for V VS is Vulvo-Vaginal Swab in Medical category

Alprazolam, sold under the brand name Xanax, among others, is a short-acting tranquilizer of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepines (BZDs) fused with a triazole ring. It is most commonly used in short-term management of anxiety disorders, specifically panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Other uses include the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea, together with other treatments. GAD improvement occurs generally within a week. Alprazolam is generally taken by mouth.

Common side effects include sleepiness, depression, headaches, feeling tired, dry mouth, and memory problems. Some of the sedation and tiredness may improve within a few days. Due to concerns about misuse, some do not recommend alprazolam as an initial treatment for panic disorder. Withdrawal or rebound symptoms may occur if use is suddenly decreased; gradually decreasing the dose over weeks or months may be required. Other rare risks include suicide, and a two fold increased risk of all cause mortality. Alprazolam, like other benzodiazepines, acts through the GABAA receptor.

Alprazolam was patented in 1971 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1981. Alprazolam is a Schedule IV controlled substance and is a common drug of abuse. It is available as a generic medication. In 2019, it was the 41st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 17 million prescriptions.

INFO: Full form for V TACH is Ventricular Tachycardia in Medical category

INFO: Full form for T&O is Trauma and Orthopaedics in Medical category
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Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib or VF) is an abnormal heart rhythm in which the ventricles of the heart quiver instead of pumping normally. It is due to disorganized electrical activity. Ventricular fibrillation results in cardiac arrest with loss of consciousness and no pulse. This is followed by death in the absence of treatment. Ventricular fibrillation is initially found in about 10% of people with cardiac arrest.

Ventricular fibrillation can occur due to coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, Brugada syndrome, long QT syndrome, electric shock, or intracranial hemorrhage. Diagnosis is by an electrocardiogram (ECG) showing irregular unformed QRS complexes without any clear P waves. An important differential diagnosis is torsades de pointes.

Treatment is with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation. Biphasic defibrillation may be better than monophasic. The medication epinephrine or amiodarone may be given if initial treatments are not effective. Rates of survival among those who are out of hospital when the arrhythmia is detected is about 17% while in hospital it is about 46%.

INFO: Full form for V-SAFE is Vaccine Safety Assessment For Essential workers in Medical category

INFO: Full form for V-HIV is Vaccine for Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Medical category