Explore topic-wise fullforms in Medical

INFO: Full form for HL is Hepatic Lipase in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for HL is Hearing Level in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for HL is Hyperpigmented Lesions in Medical category
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The head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) is an obligate ectoparasite of humans.

Head lice are wingless insects that spend their entire lives on the human scalp and feeding exclusively on human blood. Humans are the only known hosts of this specific parasite, while chimpanzees host a closely related species, Pediculus schaeffi. Other species of lice infest most orders of mammals and all orders of birds.

Lice differ from other hematophagic ectoparasites such as fleas in spending their entire lifecycle on a host. Head lice cannot fly, and their short, stumpy legs render them incapable of jumping, or even walking efficiently on flat surfaces.

The non-disease-carrying head louse differs from the related disease-carrying body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) in preferring to attach eggs to scalp hair rather than to clothing. The two subspecies are morphologically almost identical, but do not normally interbreed. From genetic studies, they are thought to have diverged as subspecies about 30,000–110,000 years ago, when many humans began to wear a significant amount of clothing. A much more distantly related species of hair-clinging louse, the pubic or crab louse (Pthirus pubis), also infests humans. It is morphologically different from the other two species and is much closer in appearance to the lice which infest other primates. Louse infestation of the body is known as pediculosis, pediculosis capitis for head lice, pediculosis corporis for body lice, and phthiriasis for pubic lice.

Head lice (especially in children) have been, and still are, subject to various eradication campaigns. Unlike body lice, head lice are not the vectors of any known diseases, however rare secondary infections can result from scratching at bites. Head louse infestations may be beneficial in helping to foster a natural immune response against lice which helps humans in defense against the far more dangerous body louse, which is capable of transmitting dangerous diseases.

INFO: Full form for HL is Health Level in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for HL is Humerus Length in Medical category
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Hyperlipidemia is abnormally elevated levels of any or all lipids (fats, cholesterol, or triglycerides) or lipoproteins in the blood. The term hyperlipidemia refers to the laboratory finding itself and is also used as an umbrella term covering any of various acquired or genetic disorders that result in that finding. Hyperlipidemia represents a subset of dyslipidemia and a superset of hypercholesterolemia. Hyperlipidemia is usually chronic and requires ongoing medication to control blood lipid levels.

Lipids (water-insoluble molecules) are transported in a protein capsule. The size of that capsule, or lipoprotein, determines its density. The lipoprotein density and type of apolipoproteins it contains determines the fate of the particle and its influence on metabolism.

Hyperlipidemias are divided into primary and secondary subtypes. Primary hyperlipidemia is usually due to genetic causes (such as a mutation in a receptor protein), while secondary hyperlipidemia arises due to other underlying causes such as diabetes. Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities are common in the general population and are regarded as modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease due to their influence on atherosclerosis. In addition, some forms may predispose to acute pancreatitis.

INFO: Full form for EUA is Examination Under Anesthesia in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for EUA is Examination Under Anaesthesia in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for EUA is Exam Under Anesthesia in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for FUC is Free Urinary Cortisol in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for FUC is Follow-Up Clinic in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for JFA is Japanese Farriers Association in Medical category
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The International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society (ILADS, pronounced /ˈaɪlædz/) is a non-profit pressure group which advocates for greater acceptance of the controversial and unrecognized diagnosis "chronic Lyme disease". ILADS was formed by advocates for the recognition of "chronic Lyme disease" including physicians, patients and laboratory personnel, and has published alternative treatment guidelines and diagnostic criteria due to the disagreement with mainstream consensus medical views on Lyme disease.

ILADS sustains the controversy as to the existence of "chronic Lyme disease", including advocating for long-term antibiotic treatment, but the existence of persistent borrelia infection is not supported by high quality clinical evidence, and the use of long term antibiotics is dangerous and contradicted. Major US medical authorities, including the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the American Academy of Neurology, and the National Institutes of Health, are careful to distinguish the diagnosis and treatment of "patients who have had well-documented Lyme disease and who remain symptomatic for many months to years after completion of appropriate antibiotic therapy": 1116 from patients who have not had well-documented Lyme disease; the consensus accepts the existence of post–Lyme disease symptoms in a minority of patients who have had Lyme. The consensus rejects long-term antibiotic treatment even for these patients, as entailing too much risk and lacking sufficient efficacy to subject patients to the risks.: 1115 : 99 The consensus calls for more research into understanding the pathologies that afflict patients with post-Lyme syndrome and into better treatments.

A 2004 article in the Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal on the prevalence of inaccurate online information about Lyme disease cited the ILADS website as a source of such inaccurate material. One source reported that several current and former physician officers of ILADS had been sanctioned by federal agencies or state medical boards.

INFO: Full form for ILAC is International Laboratory Accreditation & Certification in Medical category
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The International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation or ILAC started as a conference in 1977 with the aim of developing international cooperation for facilitating trade by promotion of the acceptance of accredited test and calibration results. In 1996, ILAC became a formal cooperation with a charter to establish a network of mutual recognition agreements among accreditation bodies that would fulfil this aim.

The ultimate aim of the ILAC is increased use and acceptance by industry as well as government of the results from accredited laboratories, including results from laboratories in other countries. In this way, the free-trade goal of a 'product tested once and accepted everywhere' can be realised.

The Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) is a United States organization which develops and shares information and guidelines about animal testing and care of laboratory animals. It is a unit in the United States National Research Council. Their mission is "to evaluate and to report on scientific, technological, and ethical use of animals and related biological resources, and of non-animal alternatives in non-food settings, such as research, testing, education, and production of pharmaceuticals".

An important influential factor to the formation of the ILAR was scientist Paul Weiss by holding a conference on Animal Procurements in July 1952. After the conference, the organization was recommended in November 1952 as the Institute of Animal Resources. In 1953, the Institute of Animal Resources was formally established under the NRC Division of Biology and Agriculture. In 1956 it became the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources.

The ILAR website contains a variety of resources, including current news, resources, event information and highlights.

The institute is a part of the Division on Earth and Life Studies and continuously has studies in progress on their website that one can look into and research. Their current study in progress is called "Assessment of the Care and Use of Dogs in Research Funded by or Conducted at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs".

The Institute of Laboratory Animal Research also has a successful journal that started over 50 years ago in 1953. The most current published journal is the 57th volume and is currently being published by the Oxford University Press. The newest volume is called "Models of Viral-Induced Carcinogenesis and Oncolytic Viruses" The volume discusses different cancer forms relating to a variety of different animals.

The ILAR also puts on workshops and one can look up previous workshops on their website.

In addition to the workshops they also put on events. You can find information on upcoming and previous events they have had on their website.

In 2011 the American Psychological Association criticized ILAR's 8th edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals for seeming like a list of requirements rather than guidelines.

INFO: Full form for IUAD is Intra Uterine Anesthesia Device in Medical category
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The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease or The Union, is a global scientific organization headquartered in Paris with the stated goals to "improve health for people in low- and middle-income Countries". The Union focuses its work in three areas: Tuberculosis, Tobacco Control, and Lung and non-communicable diseases. The antecedents of The Union date to an 1867 meeting to discuss the tuberculosis plague, and include the former Central Bureau for the Prevention of Tuberculosis and the International Union Against Tuberculosis (IUAT). The Union no longer uses the acronym "IUATLD" as its short-form name.

INFO: Full form for GY is Grays (units of radiation) in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for JV is JuguloVenous in Medical category
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The jugular veins are veins that take deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava.

INFO: Full form for KODC is Korea Orphan Drug Center in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for KAAA is Korean-American Acupuncture Association in Medical category
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The University of Jordan (Arabic: الجامعة الأردنية‎), often abbreviated UJ, is a public university located in Amman, Jordan. Founded in 1962 by royal decree, it is the largest and oldest institution of higher education in Jordan. It is located in the capital Amman in the Jubaiha area of the University District. It is composed of 20 faculties and over 95 departments.

The University District where the University of Jordan is located in is considered one of the most developed parts of Amman, with a rich history of education and culture and a high population density. The University of Jordan is often nicknamed The Mother University (Arabic: الجامعة الأُم‎), the nickname stems from the fact that it's the first university in Jordan and it has graduated many public and political figures who took on important roles in the government and media and helped establish other universities in Jordan and neighboring countries.

INFO: Full form for LUCAS is Lund University Cardiac Assist System in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for JAAM is Japanese Association for Acute Medicine in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for JAAM is Japanese Association of Acute Medicine in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for JOA is Japanese Orthopaedic Association in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for LC50 is Lethal Concentration resulting in 50% mortality in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for LC50 is lethal concentration causing death in 50% in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for LFAB is Lipid Formulation of Amphotericin B in Medical category
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Kingston Hospital is an acute hospital in Kingston upon Thames, England. It is managed by the Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. It has an Accident & Emergency Unit, a popular midwife-led Maternity unit, and an STD clinic known as the Wolverton Centre.

INFO: Full form for KFCC is King Fahad Cardiac Center in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for LIA is Lyme Induced Autism in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for LiA is Listening into Action in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for p.c. is post cibum - after meals in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for p.c. is after food (post cibum) [Lat.] in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for OB is OBstetrics in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for OB is Occult Blood in Medical category
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Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to an extent that it may have a negative effect on health. People are generally considered obese when their body mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing a person's weight by the square of the person's height—despite known allometric inaccuracies—is over 30 kg/m2; the range 25–30 kg/m2 is defined as overweight. Some East Asian countries use lower values. Obesity is correlated with various diseases and conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. High BMI is a marker of risk, but not proven to be a direct cause, for diseases caused by diet, physical activity, and environmental factors. A reciprocal link has been found between obesity and depression, with obesity increasing the risk of clinical depression and also depression leading to a higher chance of developing obesity.

Obesity has individual, socioeconomic, and environmental causes, including diet, physical activity, automation, urbanization, genetic susceptibility, medications, mental disorders, economic policies, endocrine disorders, and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. While a majority of obese individuals at any given time are attempting to lose weight and often successful, research shows that maintaining that weight loss over the long term proves to be rare. The reasons for weight cycling are not fully understood but may include decreased energy expenditure combined with increased biological urge to eat during and after caloric restriction. More studies are needed to determine if weight cycling and yo-yo dieting contribute to inflammation and disease risk in obese individuals.

Obesity prevention requires a complex approach, including interventions at community, family, and individual levels. Changes to diet and exercising are the main treatments recommended by health professionals. Diet quality can be improved by reducing the consumption of energy-dense foods, such as those high in fat or sugars, and by increasing the intake of dietary fiber. However, large-scale analyses have found an inverse relationship between energy density and energy cost of foods in developed nations. Low-income populations are more likely to live in neighborhoods that are considered "food deserts" or "food swamps" where nutritional groceries are less available. Medications can be used, along with a suitable diet, to reduce appetite or decrease fat absorption. If diet, exercise, and medication are not effective, a gastric balloon or surgery may be performed to reduce stomach volume or length of the intestines, leading to feeling full earlier or a reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food.

Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing rates in adults and children. In 2015, 600 million adults (12%) and 100 million children were obese in 195 countries. Obesity is more common in women than in men. Authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. Obesity is stigmatized in much of the modern world (particularly in the Western world), though it was seen as a symbol of wealth and fertility at other times in history and still is in some parts of the world. In 2013, several medical societies, including the American Medical Association and the American Heart Association, classified obesity as a disease.