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INFO: Full form for IW is Incomplete Withdrawal in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for RIAO is Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for QA'D is Quality assurance completed in Medical category
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Reaction may refer to a process or to a response to an action, event, or exposure:

INFO: Full form for YOB is Year Of Birth in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for BEACH is Bettering The Evaluation And Care Of Health in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for BEACH is Beach Environmental Assessment Coastal Health in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for BEACH is Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for YD is Yellow Death in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for FNAP is Fellow of the National Academies of Practice in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for CIVI is Continuous Intravenous Infusion in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for AWAD is Athlete With A Disability in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for AWAD is Athletes with A Disability in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PLWE is People Living with Epilepsy in Medical category
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Zinc deficiency is defined either as insufficient zinc to meet the needs of the body, or as a serum zinc level below the normal range. However, since a decrease in the serum concentration is only detectable after long-term or severe depletion, serum zinc is not a reliable biomarker for zinc status. Common symptoms include increased rates of diarrhea. Zinc deficiency affects the skin and gastrointestinal tract; brain and central nervous system, immune, skeletal, and reproductive systems.

Zinc deficiency in humans is caused by reduced dietary intake, inadequate absorption, increased loss, or increased body system use. The most common cause is reduced dietary intake. In the U.S., the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is 8 mg/day for women and 11 mg/day for men.

The highest concentration of dietary zinc is found in oysters, meat, beans, and nuts. Increasing the amount of zinc in the soil and thus in crops and animals is an effective preventive measure. Zinc deficiency may affect up to 2 billion people worldwide.

INFO: Full form for PURL is Phoenix Urban Research Laboratory in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for IWCG is Iraq War Clinician Guide in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for NDTR is normal temperature pulse and respiraton in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for MJST is Masters Johnson sex therapy in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for HSAN is Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DDTQ is Daily Drug Taking Questionnaire in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for HBP is Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic in Medical category
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Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure typically does not cause symptoms. Long-term high blood pressure, however, is a major risk factor for stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral arterial disease, vision loss, chronic kidney disease, and dementia.

High blood pressure is classified as primary (essential) hypertension or secondary hypertension. About 90–95% of cases are primary, defined as high blood pressure due to nonspecific lifestyle and genetic factors. Lifestyle factors that increase the risk include excess salt in the diet, excess body weight, smoking, and alcohol use. The remaining 5–10% of cases are categorized as secondary high blood pressure, defined as high blood pressure due to an identifiable cause, such as chronic kidney disease, narrowing of the kidney arteries, an endocrine disorder, or the use of birth control pills.

Blood pressure is classified by two measurements, the systolic and diastolic pressures, which are the maximum and minimum pressures, respectively. For most adults, normal blood pressure at rest is within the range of 100–130 millimeters mercury (mmHg) systolic and 60–80 mmHg diastolic. For most adults, high blood pressure is present if the resting blood pressure is persistently at or above 130/80 or 140/90 mmHg. Different numbers apply to children. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring over a 24-hour period appears more accurate than office-based blood pressure measurement.

Lifestyle changes and medications can lower blood pressure and decrease the risk of health complications. Lifestyle changes include weight loss, physical exercise, decreased salt intake, reducing alcohol intake, and a healthy diet. If lifestyle changes are not sufficient, then blood pressure medications are used. Up to three medications taken concurrently can control blood pressure in 90% of people. The treatment of moderately high arterial blood pressure (defined as >160/100 mmHg) with medications is associated with an improved life expectancy. The effect of treatment of blood pressure between 130/80 mmHg and 160/100 mmHg is less clear, with some reviews finding benefit and others finding unclear benefit. High blood pressure affects between 16 and 37% of the population globally. In 2010 hypertension was believed to have been a factor in 18% of all deaths (9.4 million globally).

INFO: Full form for HBP is Hospital Based Physician in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for HBP is Health as Bridge for Peace in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for HBP is Health Benefit Plan in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for HBP is Health as a Bridge for Peace in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for GYT is Get Yourself Tested in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for IVD is Ischemic Vascular Disease in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for IVD is In-Vitro Diagnostic in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for IVD is InterVertebral Disc in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for IVD is In-Vitro Diagnostics in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for IVD is In-Vitro Device in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for GYTS is Global Youth Tobacco Survey in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for LEADS is Linking Employment Academics and Disability Services in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DDV is DNA Data Visualization in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for EMTS is Emergency Medical Training Services in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for IISL is Intelligent Infrastructure Systems Laboratory in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for JDCS is Japan Diabetic Complications Study in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for JDCS is Japan Diabetes Complications Study in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for CNAC is Chicago Nurses in AIDS Care in Medical category
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Hepatitis D is a type of viral hepatitis caused by the hepatitis delta virus (HDV). HDV is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E. HDV is considered to be a satellite (a type of subviral agent) because it can propagate only in the presence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Transmission of HDV can occur either via simultaneous infection with HBV (coinfection) or superimposed on chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis B carrier state (superinfection).

HDV and HBV infecting a person simultaneously is considered the most serious type of viral hepatitis due to its severity of complications. These complications include a greater likelihood of experiencing liver failure in acute infections and a rapid progression to liver cirrhosis, with an increased risk of developing liver cancer in chronic infections. In combination with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D has the highest fatality rate of all the hepatitis infections, at 20%. A recent estimate from 2020 suggests that currently 48 million persons are infected with this virus.

INFO: Full form for HDV is Hepatitis Delta Virus in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DJS is Dubin–Johnson Syndrome in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for GVN is Graduate Vocational Nurse in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for CJD is Creutzfeldt Jacob Disease in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for CJD is Creutzfiel Jacob Disease in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DDTD is Drugs and Diagnostics for Tropical Diseases in Medical category
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Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), also known as subacute spongiform encephalopathy or neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease, is a fatal degenerative brain disorder. Early symptoms include memory problems, behavioral changes, poor coordination, and visual disturbances. Later symptoms include dementia, involuntary movements, blindness, weakness, and coma. About 70% of people die within a year of diagnosis. The name Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease was introduced by Walther Spielmeyer in 1922, after the German neurologists Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt and Alfons Maria Jakob.

CJD is caused by a type of abnormal protein known as a prion. Infectious prions are misfolded proteins that can cause normally folded proteins to also become misfolded. About 85% of cases of CJD occur for unknown reasons, while about 7.5% of cases are inherited from a person's parents in an autosomal dominant manner. Exposure to brain or spinal tissue from an infected person may also result in spread. There is no evidence that sporadic CJD can spread among people via normal contact or blood transfusions, although this is possible in variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Diagnosis involves ruling out other potential causes. An electroencephalogram, spinal tap, or magnetic resonance imaging may support the diagnosis.

There is no specific treatment for CJD. Opioids may be used to help with pain, while clonazepam or sodium valproate may help with involuntary movements. CJD affects about one per million people per year. Onset is typically around 60 years of age. The condition was first described in 1920. It is classified as a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. Inherited CJD accounts for about 10% of prion disease cases. Sporadic CJD is different from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) and variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD).

INFO: Full form for CJD is Creutzfeld Jacob Disease in Medical category
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