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The statistical power of a binary hypothesis test is the probability that the test correctly rejects the null hypothesis ( H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} ) when a specific alternative hypothesis ( H 1 {\displaystyle H_{1}} ) is true. It is commonly denoted by 1 − β {\displaystyle 1-\beta } , and represents the chances of a "true positive" detection conditional on the actual existence of an effect to detect. Statistical power ranges from 0 to 1, and as the power of a test increases, the probability β {\displaystyle \beta } of making a type II error by wrongly failing to reject the null hypothesis decreases.

INFO: Full form for PD is Procedures Description in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for PD is Program Definition in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for TCP is Traffic Control Point in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for TCP is Theater Campaign Plan in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for TCP is Tactical Control Processor in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for RE is Re-engined in Military and Defence category
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Reference is a relationship between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. The first object in this relation is said to refer to the second object. It is called a name for the second object. The second object, the one to which the first object refers, is called the referent of the first object. A name is usually a phrase or expression, or some other symbolic representation. Its referent may be anything – a material object, a person, an event, an activity, or an abstract concept.

References can take on many forms, including: a thought, a sensory perception that is audible (onomatopoeia), visual (text), olfactory, or tactile, emotional state, relationship with other, spacetime coordinate, symbolic or alpha-numeric, a physical object or an energy projection. In some cases, methods are used that intentionally hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography.

References feature in many spheres of human activity and knowledge, and the term adopts shades of meaning particular to the contexts in which it is used. Some of them are described in the sections below.

INFO: Full form for RE is Rear Echelon in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for RS is Rescue and Survival in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for RS is Requirement Submission in Military and Defence category
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