Explore topic-wise fullforms in Military and Defence

INFO: Full form for OMGB is Office of Military Government for Bavaria in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for TSAR is Transcom (transportation Command) Siting and Readiness in Military and Defence category
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In telecommunication, a two-wire circuit is characterized by supporting transmission in two directions simultaneously, as opposed to four-wire circuits, which have separate pairs for transmit and receive. The subscriber local loop from the telco central office are almost all two wire for analog baseband voice calls (and some digital services like ISDN), and converted to four-wire at the line card back when telephone switching was performed on baseband audio. Today the audio is digitized and processed completely in the digital domain upstream from the local loop.

The reason for using two wires rather than four is simple economics--half the materials cost half as much to purchase and install. Note the use of the past-tense "cost," as installation of two-wire copper local loops for telephony was done primarily during the mid 20th century. In the first world there is no new infrastructure planning for new copper-based technology, and as customers are migrating to cellular telephony and high-speed Internet, wireline carriers are abandoning their copper local loops, tearing out the copper and replacing it with fiber-optic cable and/or selling the rights-of-way to third parties for private use. In developing nations, wireless communications are considered to be the most cost-effective from an infrastructure perspective. Two-wire circuits in new installations are limited to intercom and military field telephone applications, though these too are being supplanted by modern digital communication modes.

To communicate in both directions in the same wire pair, conversion between four-wire and two-wire was necessary, both at the telephone and at the central office. A hybrid coil accomplishes the conversion for both. At the central office, it is part of a four-wire terminating set, more often as part of a line card. A modern line card has no two-to-four wire conversion whatsoever; it is strictly an analog/digital interface to a system that has a completely digital and integrated signal path internally. Using actual wires to circuit switch a telephone call became obsolete when the crossbar switch (a mechanical system) was replaced by 4ESS electronic switches in the 1970s by the Bell System in the US. The old telephone hybrids of yore have been replaced by inexpensive IC chip-based components that perform the same functions at greatly reduced cost. When personal computing and the Internet became popular at the end of the 20th century, the inductive load of traditional hybrids became a liability for computer modem users, and remaining loading coils in subscriber lines were scrapped.

The Permanent Force was an integral part of both the South African Defence Force and the South West Africa Territorial Force which consisted of all the full-time volunteers, volunteers of Auxiliaries and national servicemen.

INFO: Full form for OAMP is Office of Acquisition Management and Policy in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for LADS is Lightweight Air Defense System in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for COBE is Command Operating Budget Estimate in Military and Defence category
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Sentry, known for most of its lifetime as LoADS for Low Altitude Defense System, was a short-range anti-ballistic missile (ABM) design made by the US Army during the 1970s. It was proposed as a defensive weapon that would be used in concert with the MX missile, a US Air Force ICBM that was under development.

The LoADS concept was one of a number of proposals that were made as part of a larger and acrimonious debate over the best way to base the MX missile. It was believed that by about 1980 Soviet ICBMs would improve to the point where it was possible to attack US ICBMs while they were still in their silos. A number of warfighting scenarios suggested that a surprise attack would significantly reduce the US stockpile and greatly blunt any counterattack. In the case of the MX, a single successful strike on a silo would mean ten warheads would not reach the USSR, making these extremely valuable targets. To ensure such an attack would fail, at least to the point where the Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) would be maintained, a wide variety of basing options were considered that would guarantee the survival of at least dozens of MX's.

One way to improve the survival of the ICBM force would be to actively defend it with an ABM system. However, the 1972 ABM treaty greatly limited the number and geographical deployment of any ABM, with the aim of preventing whole-country protection and thus ensuring MAD. LoADS addressed these limitations by being deployed along with the radars and engagement computers needed to make a successful attack at only very short ranges, 50,000 feet (15 km) or less. The entire system was packed into a cylinder that looked like an MX and would be shuffled between the silos. As the LoADS could be in any of the silos at a particular missile site, the enemy would have to expend two warheads on every silo to ensure a hit, as one would be assumed lost to LoADS. This would not stop a successful counterforce attack, but it would make it significantly more expensive in terms of the number of warheads used, potentially requiring more warheads than the Soviets had.

With President Jimmy Carter's decision to base the MX in a series of less-hardened horizontal silos in 1977, LoADS development was accelerated. The system as a whole was renamed Sentry, with the missile becoming the Baseline Terminal Defense System, or BTDS. Work on MX and Sentry was further accelerated by incoming President Ronald Reagan in 1981. However, after another review of the MX program, Reagan chose a different MX deployment concept and cancelled Sentry, stating that it would violate the ABM treaty. As the questionable security of the MX once again became an issue, Reagan briefly entertained an even shorter-range system known as Swarmjet, before the entire MX program was severely curtailed with the ending of the Cold War.

INFO: Full form for JICC is Joint Information Coordination Center in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for JICC is Joint Interface Control Cell in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for CLOS is Command To Line-of-sight in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for BTMS is Battalion Training Management System in Military and Defence category
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Mobile Suit Gundam, known in Japan as Kidō Senshi Gundam (Japanese: 機動戦士ガンダム, Hepburn: Kidō Senshi Gandamu, also known as First Gundam, Gundam 0079 or simply Gundam '79), is an anime television series, produced and animated by Nippon Sunrise. Created and directed by Yoshiyuki Tomino, it premiered in Japan on Nagoya Broadcasting Network and its affiliated ANN stations on April 7, 1979, and lasted until January 26, 1980, spanning 43 episodes. It was the first Gundam series, which has subsequently been adapted into numerous sequels and spin-offs. Set in the futuristic calendar year "Universal Century" 0079, the plot focuses on the war between the Principality of Zeon and the Earth Federation, with the latter unveiling a new giant robot known as the RX-78-2 Gundam piloted by the teenage civilian mechanic Amuro Ray.

In 1981, the series was re-edited for theatrical release and split into three films. The characters were designed by Yoshikazu Yasuhiko, and Kunio Okawara was responsible for the mechanical designs, including the eponymous giant robot, the RX-78-2 Gundam. The first film was released on February 22, 1981. Tomino himself also wrote a trilogy of novels that retell the events of the series. Two manga adaptations of the series have also been written by two manga artists.

Despite initial low ratings that caused the series' cancellation, the popularity of Gundam saw a boost from the introduction of Bandai's Gunpla models in 1980 and from reruns and the theatrical release of the anime, leading to the creation of a prolific and lucrative media and toy franchise. The series is famous for revolutionizing the giant robot genre due to the handling of mobile suits as weapons of war, as well as the portrayal of their pilots as ordinary soldiers. This aspects contrasted with the previous style of portraying hero pilots and their giant super hero robots.

INFO: Full form for D&O is Doctrinal and Organizational in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for BPSK is Bi-phase Shift Keying in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for B&A is Boat and Aircraft in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for C/A is Course Acquisition in Military and Defence category

INFO: Full form for O&S is Operations and Support in Military and Defence category

INFO: Full form for OSUT is On-site User Test(ing) in Military and Defence category
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One Station Unit Training, sometimes referred to as One Site Unit Training, is a term used by the United States Army to refer to a training program in which recruits remain with the same unit for both Basic Combat Training (BCT) and Advanced Individual Training (AIT). Immediately following Basic Training, the unit seamlessly transforms from a BCT unit into an AIT unit. There is no relocation and the same Drill Sergeants who conducted the Basic Training will continue to instruct all of the participating recruits in their Advanced Individual Training. This streamlines the training schedule and helps to produce more camaraderie between recruits. There are a variety of Military Occupational Specialties (MOS) and training stations that have OSUT training, such as

INFO: Full form for TINS is Thermal Imaging Navigation Set in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for JLAT is Joint Logistics Analysis Tool in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for JTMS is Joint Theater Movement Staff in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for JTMS is Joint Training Master Schedule in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for JFU is Joint Forces Unit in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for JFU is Japanese Fouler- Upper ( Ww Ii Dummy Aircraft Type) in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for UCX is Unemployment Compensation for Ex-servicemembers in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for NIMBY is Not In My Blue Yonder in Military and Defence category
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Long ton, also known as the imperial ton or displacement ton, is the name for the unit called the "ton" in the avoirdupois system of weights or Imperial system of measurements. It was standardised in the thirteenth century. It is used in the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth of Nations countries alongside the mass-based metric tonne defined in 1799, as well as in the United States for bulk commodities.

It is not to be confused with the short ton, a unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds (907.18474 kg) used in the United States, and in Canada before metrication, also referred to simply as a "ton".

INFO: Full form for CISCO is Corps Information Systems Control Officer in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for FMSC is Frequency Management Sub-committee in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for DAVP is Doctrinal Audio- Visual Program in Military and Defence category
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United States Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal technicians render safe all types of ordnance, including improvised, chemical, biological, and nuclear. They perform land and underwater location, identification, render-safe, and recovery (or disposal) of foreign and domestic ordnance. They conduct demolition of hazardous munitions, pyrotechnics, and retrograde explosives using detonation and burning techniques. They forward deploy and fully integrate with the various Combatant Commanders, Special Operations Forces (SOF), and various warfare units within the Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force and Army. They are also called upon to support military and civilian law enforcement agencies, as well as the Secret Service.

EOD Technicians' missions take them to all environments, and every climate, in every part of the world. They have many assets available to arrive to their mission, from open- and closed-circuit scuba and surface supplied diving rigs, to parachute insertion from fixed-wing aircraft and fast-rope, abseil, and Special Patrol Insertion/Extraction (SPIE) from rotary aircraft, to small boats and tracked vehicles.

INFO: Full form for CMD is Color Monitor Device in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for CMD is Color Monitor Display in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for CMD is Cruise Missile Defense in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for MRP is Militarized Reconfigurable Processor in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for MRP is Missile Round Pallet in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for MRP is Materials Requirements Planning in Military and Defence category
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The Heads of Medicines Agencies (HMA) is a network of both the human and veterinary medicines agencies of the European Economic Area.

The HMA co-operates with the European Medicines Agency and the European Commission (Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety) in the operation of the European medicines regulatory system. The network provides a forum for the co-ordination and the exchange of views and proposals on issues concerning the European regulatory system and the role of the national authorities within that system.

The HMA, initially known as the Heads of Agencies, was established in 1995 with a first full meeting taking place in Amsterdam in February 1996. Initially the network comprised only agencies responsible for the regulation of medicines for human use. In February 1998, a parallel group bringing together the heads of agencies responsible for medicines for veterinary use held its first meeting. The two groups started organising joint meetings in 2000 and since 2004 these activities have been integrated under the umbrella of the HMA.

INFO: Full form for MRP is Military Relocation Professional in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for MRP is Manpower Requirements Program in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for CIF is Central Issue Facility in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for CIF is Candidate Item File in Military and Defence category
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INFO: Full form for CIF is Corps Information Flow in Military and Defence category
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