Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Telecommunication.

INFO: Full form for DGPT is Directorate General of Posts and Telecommunications in Telecommunication category
DGPT also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

The Wi-Fi Alliance is a non-profit organization that owns the Wi-Fi trademark. Manufacturers may use the trademark to brand certified products that have been tested for interoperability.

INFO: Full form for EICS is Eurescom Information and Communications Services in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for BDSL is Broadband Digital Subscriber Line in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for TDU is T1 Distribution Unit in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for TDU is Technology Down Under in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for OFE is Owner-furnished Equipment in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for MTAS is Mobile Terminating Access Service in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for CGSA is Cellular Geographic Service Area in Telecommunication category
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In telecommunications, busy-hour call attempts (BHCA) is a teletraffic engineering measurement used to evaluate and plan capacity for telephone networks. BHCA is the number of telephone calls attempted at the sliding 60-minute period during which occurs the maximum total traffic load in a given 24-hour period (BHCA), and the higher the BHCA, the higher the stress on the network processors. BHCA is not to be confused with busy hour call completion (BHCC) which measures the throughput capacity of the network. If a bottleneck in the network exists with a capacity lower than the estimated BHCA, then congestion will occur resulting in many failed calls and customer dissatisfaction.

BHCA is usually used when planning telephone switching capacities and frequently goes side by side with the Erlang unit capacity calculation. As an example, a telephone exchange with a capacity of one million BHCA is estimated to handle 250,000 subscribers. The overall calculation is more complex however, and involves accounting for available circuits, desired blocking rates, and Erlang capacity allocated to each subscriber.

INFO: Full form for FTTE is Fiber To The Telecom Enclosure in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for FTTE is Fiber To The Telecommunications Enclosure in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for DFRI is Datacom Reference Frame Input in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for WNRC is Wireless Networks Research Center in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for AWCC is Afghan Wireless Communications Company in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for TSAP is Telecommunication Systems Analysis Position in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for VFL is Visual Fault Locator in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for VRR is Videoconferencing Reservation Request in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for TVR is Telephone Voice Response in Telecommunication category
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The Global Mobile Satellite System (GMSS) consists of several satellite phone providers serving private customers. It can be compared to PLMN (wireless telephony carriers) and PSTN (traditional wire-based telephony).

As of 2008, ranges of numbers have been assigned to four GMSS carriers:

In 1996, the ITU introduced country code +881 for direct international dialing of phones on GMSS providers. (Inmarsat had already been allocated country codes +870 through +874.) The next digit following the country code is allocated (two at a time) to a particular GMSS carrier:

INFO: Full form for MATAC is Metro Atlanta Telecommuting Advisory Council in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for MATAC is Mid Atlantic Telecommuting Advisory Council in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for MATAC is Metropolitan Atlanta Telecommuting Advisory Council in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for DDRS is Dynamic Data Rate Selection in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for ISTD is International Subscriber Trunk Dialing in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for UNP is Un-published in Telecommunication category
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A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5, 24, and 60 GHz bands or licensed frequencies in the UHF band (including the MMDS frequency band), LMDS, and other bands from 6 GHz to 80 GHz.

In the US, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) released Report and Order, FCC 05-56 in 2005 that revised the FCC’s rules to open the 3650 MHz band for terrestrial wireless broadband operations. On November 14, 2007 the Commission released Public Notice (DA 07-4605) in which the Wireless Telecommunications Bureau announced the start date for licensing and registration process for the 3650-3700 MHz band.

As of July 2015, there are over 2,000 fixed wireless broadband providers operating in the US, servicing nearly 4 million customers.

INFO: Full form for WCRL is Wireless Communications Research Laboratory in Telecommunication category
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In the recent years, utilization of electrical energy increased exponentially and customer requirement and quality definitions of power were changed enormously. As the electric energy became an essential part of the daily life, its optimal usage and reliability became important. Real-time network view and dynamic decisions have become instrumental for optimizing resources and managing demands, thus making a distribution management system which could handle proper work flows, very critical.

INFO: Full form for ECSA is Exchange Carriers Standards Association in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for TbPS is Terabits Per Second in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for WTSF is Wireless Telecommunication Services Facilities in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for AASR is Abbreviated Access Service Request in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for CAAS is Communications As A Service in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for SMASE is Systems Management Application Service Element in Telecommunication category
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In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, the arrival theorem (also referred to as the random observer property, ROP or job observer property) states that "upon arrival at a station, a job observes the system as if in steady state at an arbitrary instant for the system without that job."

The arrival theorem always holds in open product-form networks with unbounded queues at each node, but it also holds in more general networks. A necessary and sufficient condition for the arrival theorem to be satisfied in product-form networks is given in terms of Palm probabilities in Boucherie & Dijk, 1997. A similar result also holds in some closed networks. Examples of product-form networks where the arrival theorem does not hold include reversible Kingman networks and networks with a delay protocol.

Mitrani offers the intuition that "The state of node i as seen by an incoming job has a different distribution from the state seen by a random observer. For instance, an incoming job can never see all 'k jobs present at node i, because it itself cannot be among the jobs already present."

INFO: Full form for MOSA is Mobile Operator Strategy Analysis in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for DSS is Digital Subscriber Signalling in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for ASTE is Advanced Systems and Telecommunications Equipment in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for TTGS is Test Tone Generator Software in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for WIPA is Walkup Internet Port Authentication in Telecommunication category
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The Traffic Service Position System (TSPS) was developed by Bell Labs in Columbus, Ohio to replace traditional cord switchboards. The first TSPS was deployed in 1969 and used the Stored Program Control-1A CPU, "Piggyback" twistor memory (a proprietary technology developed by Bell Labs similar to core memory) and Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistor solid state memory devices similar to dynamic random access memory.

INFO: Full form for WTNG is World Telephone Numbering Guide in Telecommunication category
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A single-frequency network or SFN is a broadcast network where several transmitters simultaneously send the same signal over the same frequency channel.

Analog AM and FM radio broadcast networks as well as digital broadcast networks can operate in this manner. SFNs are not generally compatible with analog television transmission, since the SFN results in ghosting due to echoes of the same signal.

A simplified form of SFN can be achieved by a low power co-channel repeater, booster or broadcast translator, which is utilized as gap filler transmitter.

The aim of SFNs is efficient utilization of the radio spectrum, allowing a higher number of radio and TV programs in comparison to traditional multi-frequency network (MFN) transmission. An SFN may also increase the coverage area and decrease the outage probability in comparison to an MFN, since the total received signal strength may increase to positions midway between the transmitters.

SFN schemes are somewhat analogous to what in non-broadcast wireless communication, for example cellular networks and wireless computer networks, is called transmitter macrodiversity, CDMA soft handoff and Dynamic Single Frequency Networks (DSFN).

SFN transmission can be considered as a severe form of multipath propagation. The radio receiver receives several echoes of the same signal, and the constructive or destructive interference among these echoes (also known as self-interference) may result in fading. This is problematic especially in wideband communication and high-data rate digital communications, since the fading in that case is frequency-selective (as opposed to flat fading), and since the time spreading of the echoes may result in intersymbol interference (ISI). Fading and ISI can be avoided by means of diversity schemes and equalization filters.

INFO: Full form for EDFA is Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier in Telecommunication category
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The Business Process Framework is an operating model framework for telecom service providers in the telecommunications industry. The model describes the required business processes of service providers, and defines key elements and how they should interact.

The Business Process Framework (eTOM) is a standard maintained by the TM Forum, an association for service providers and their suppliers in the telecommunications and entertainment industries.

INFO: Full form for WIDS is Wireless Intrusion Detection Sensor in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for VMO is Virtual Mobile Operator in Telecommunication category
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