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INFO: Full form for AESR is Array Enhanced Stochastic Resonance in Physics Related category
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INFO: Full form for HFM is Highly Friction Modified in Physics Related category
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Radio Ice Cherenkov Experiment (RICE) was an experiment designed to detect the Cherenkov emission in the radio regime of the electromagnetic spectrum from the interaction of high energy neutrinos (greater than 1 PeV, so-called ultra-high energy UHE neutrinos) with the Antarctic ice cap (ice molecules). The goals of this experiment are to determine the potential of the radio-detection technique for measuring the high energy cosmic neutrino flux, determining the sources of this flux, and measuring neutrino-nucleon cross sections at energies above those accessible with existing accelerators. Such an experiment also has sensitivity to neutrinos from gamma ray bursts, as well as highly ionizing charged particles (monopoles, e.g.) traversing the Antarctic icecap.

The experiment operated 1999-2012 (prototypes before 1999, data-taking 1999-2010). The experiment's radio receivers were located 100–350 meters deep under the ice-sheet directly below the Martin A. Pomerantz Observatory (MAPO) at the South Pole Station. The MAPO-building housed the experiment's hardware. The drill holes housing the radio receivers were primarily drilled for the AMANDA and later (AMANDA was shut down 2009) IceCube experiments; RICE used the holes as a secondary experiment.

INFO: Full form for PPAP is Particle Physics Advisory Panel in Physics Related category
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INFO: Full form for TZP is Triple Zeta Plus in Physics Related category
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A neutrino ( or ) (denoted by the Greek letter ν) is a fermion (an elementary particle with spin of 1/2) that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. The neutrino is so named because it is electrically neutral and because its rest mass is so small (-ino) that it was long thought to be zero. The rest mass of the neutrino is much smaller than that of the other known elementary particles excluding massless particles. The weak force has a very short range, the gravitational interaction is extremely weak, and neutrinos do not participate in the strong interaction.Thus, neutrinos typically pass through normal matter unimpeded and undetected.

Weak interactions create neutrinos in one of three leptonic flavors: electron neutrinos (
ν
e), muon neutrinos (
ν
μ), or tau neutrinos (
ν
τ), in association with the corresponding charged lepton. Although neutrinos were long believed to be massless, it is now known that there are three discrete neutrino masses with different tiny values, but they do not correspond uniquely to the three flavors. A neutrino created with a specific flavor has an associated specific quantum superposition of all three mass states. As a result, neutrinos oscillate between different flavors in flight. For example, an electron neutrino produced in a beta decay reaction may interact in a distant detector as a muon or tau neutrino. Although only differences between squares of the three mass values are known as of 2019, cosmological observations imply that the sum of the three masses (< 2.14 × 10−37 kg) must be less than one millionth that of the electron mass (9.11 × 10−31 kg).

For each neutrino, there also exists a corresponding antiparticle, called an antineutrino, which also has spin of 1/2 and no electric charge. Antineutrinos are distinguished from neutrinos by having opposite-signed lepton number and right-handed instead of left-handed chirality. To conserve total lepton number (in nuclear beta decay), electron neutrinos only appear together with positrons (anti-electrons) or electron-antineutrinos, whereas electron antineutrinos only appear with electrons or electron neutrinos.

Neutrinos are created by various radioactive decays; the following list is not exhaustive, but includes some of those processes:

The majority of neutrinos which are detected about the Earth are from nuclear reactions inside the Sun. At the surface of the Earth, the flux is about 65 billion (6.5×1010) solar neutrinos, per second per square centimeter. Neutrinos can be used for tomography of the interior of the earth.

Research is intense in the hunt to elucidate the essential nature of neutrinos, with aspirations of finding:

INFO: Full form for NIP is Negative Interdimensional Plasma in Physics Related category
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INFO: Full form for ND is None Detected in Physics Related category
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INFO: Full form for ND is Neutron Detector in Physics Related category
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INFO: Full form for ND is Non-dissipative in Physics Related category
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INFO: Full form for ND is Non-preferred Direction in Physics Related category
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INFO: Full form for NC is Non-conservative in Physics Related category
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INFO: Full form for NC is New Coherence in Physics Related category
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INFO: Full form for NAM is Nihilistic Animated Material in Physics Related category
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INFO: Full form for MST is Memotron Storage Tube in Physics Related category
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INFO: Full form for MST is Modular Spectroscopy Technology in Physics Related category
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INFO: Full form for EU is Entropy Unit in Physics Related category
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