Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Telecommunication.

INFO: Full form for ACO is Additional Call Offering in Telecommunication category
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The Common Open Policy Service (COPS) Protocol is part of the internet protocol suite as defined by the RFC 2748. COPS specifies a simple client/server model for supporting policy control over quality of service (QoS) signaling protocols (e.g. RSVP). Policies are stored on servers, and acted upon by Policy Decision Points (PDP), and are enforced on clients, also known as Policy Enforcement Points (PEP). There are two models of COPS: The Outsourcing Model and the Provisioning Model, considered from the view of the client or PEP.

The Outsourcing Model is the simplest COPS implementation. In this model, all policies are stored at the PDP. Whenever the PEP needs to make a decision, it sends all relevant information to the PDP. The PDP analyzes the information, makes the decision, and relays it to the PEP. The PEP then simply enforces the decision.

In the Provisioning Model, see RFC 3084 COPS Usage for Policy Provisioning (COPS-PR), the PEP reports its decision-making capabilities to the PDP. The PDP then downloads relevant policies on to the PEP. The PEP can then make its own decisions based on these policies. The Provisioning Model uses the Policy Information Base as a repository of the policies.

INFO: Full form for ACU is Automatic Calling Unit in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for WAE is Wireless Application Environment in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for WTID is World Telecom Internet Day in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for VTQ is Voice Transmission Quality in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for ULL is Unbundled Local Loop in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for VO is Voice Objects in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for VO is Voice Only in Telecommunication category
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A video relay service (VRS), also sometimes known as a video interpreting service (VIS), is a video telecommunication service that allows deaf, hard-of-hearing, and speech-impaired (D-HOH-SI) individuals to communicate over video telephones and similar technologies with hearing people in real-time, via a sign language interpreter.

A similar video interpreting service called video remote interpreting (VRI) is conducted through a different organization often called a "Video Interpreting Service Provider" (VISP).

VRS is a newer form of telecommunication service to the D-HOH-SI community, which had, in the United States, started earlier in 1974 using a simpler non-video technology called telecommunications relay service, also known as "TRS", or simply as "relay service".

VRS services have become well developed nationally in Sweden since 1997 and also in the United States since 2003. With the exception of Sweden, VRS has been provided in Europe for only a few years since the mid-2000s, and as of 2010 has not been made available in many European Union countries, with most European countries still lacking the legislation or the financing for large-scale VRS services, and to provide the necessary telecommunication equipment to deaf users. Germany and the Nordic countries are among the other leaders in Europe, while the United States is another world leader in the provisioning of VRS services.

INFO: Full form for UCD is Uniform Call Distributor in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for ASD is Alternative Service Delivery in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for TLT is Test Loop Translator in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for TIM is Telecom Idea Management in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for QOD is Quality of Data in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for SQE is Signal Quality Error in Telecommunication category
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The system access fee is a non-governmental surcharge imposed by most Canadian telephone companies on their customers' monthly bills. Although it is normally charged for wireless services, Rogers Communications and the now-defunct Sprint Canada also charged its home phone customers a system access fee.

Price for the system access fee varies by carrier and date it was applied with Bell charging between C$8.95 and $6.95. Rogers normally amounts to $6.95/month (the System Access Fee on Rogers Home Phone Services was $5.95/month, but has since been merged to the base price). For example, if a wireless plan has been advertised at $20/month, the customer subscribing to it would actually be paying an unadvertised rate of at least $26.95/month, excluding other fees and government taxes.

INFO: Full form for SAF is Swift Access Facility in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for RBT is Ring Back Tone in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for PDQ is Predictive Differential Quantizing in Telecommunication category
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An optical amplifier is a device that amplifies an optical signal directly, without the need to first convert it to an electrical signal. An optical amplifier may be thought of as a laser without an optical cavity, or one in which feedback from the cavity is suppressed. Optical amplifiers are important in optical communication and laser physics. They are used as optical repeaters in the long distance fiberoptic cables which carry much of the world's telecommunication links.

There are several different physical mechanisms that can be used to amplify a light signal, which correspond to the major types of optical amplifiers. In doped fiber amplifiers and bulk lasers, stimulated emission in the amplifier's gain medium causes amplification of incoming light. In semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), electron-hole recombination occurs. In Raman amplifiers, Raman scattering of incoming light with phonons in the lattice of the gain medium produces photons coherent with the incoming photons. Parametric amplifiers use parametric amplification.

INFO: Full form for MND is Multi-number Dialer in Telecommunication category
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SkyTerra (SKYT), formerly Mobile Satellite Ventures (MSV or MSVLP), was a Reston, Virginia company that developed telecommunications systems that integrate satellite and terrestrial radio communication technologies into one system. In March 2010, the company was acquired by Harbinger Capital Partners and under the leadership of CEO Sanjiv Ahuja became part of a new company called LightSquared. The company placed its first satellite, SkyTerra-1, in orbit on November 14, 2010. LightSquared has since then went bankrupt and emerged from bankruptcy as Ligado Networks.

INFO: Full form for RPT is Reply Paid Telegram in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for ROF is Reformat On The Fly in Telecommunication category
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