The full form of RAM and ROM is Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read-Only Memory (ROM) respectively.

RAM: Random Access Memory

Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer memory that can be read and changed in any order, typically used to store working data and machine code. RAM is the main memory in a computer, and it is much faster to read from and write to than other kinds of storage, such as a hard disk drive (HDD), solid-state drive (SSD) or optical drive. A random-access memory device allows data items to be read or written in almost the same amount of time irrespective of the physical location of data inside the memory.

Random Access Memory is volatile. That means data is retained in RAM as long as the computer is on, but it is lost when the computer is turned off. Because of its volatility, RAM can’t store permanent data. RAM can be compared to a person’s short-term memory, and a hard disk drive to a person’s long-term memory. Short-term memory is focused on immediate work, but it can only keep a limited number of facts in view at any one time.

Additional RAM allows a computer to work with more information at the same time, which usually has a considerable effect on total system performance. Some popular manufacturers of RAM include Kingston, PNY, Crucial, and CORSAIR.

The advantages of RAM are as follows −

• High speed
• Temporary memory (volatile)
• Faster than secondary storage
• Fastest type of memory in a computer.
• Consumes less power compared to disk drives hence increasing battery life.

ROM: Read-Only Memory

Read-only memory (ROM) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices meant for permanent storage. Data stored in ROM cannot be electronically modified after the manufacture of the memory device. Read-only memory is useful for storing software that is rarely changed during the life of the system, sometimes known as firmware. ROM is meant for permanent storage and does not require a constant source of power to retain the information stored on it.

Because ROM is read-only, it cannot be changed; it is permanent and non-volatile, meaning it also holds its memory even when power is removed. By contrast, RAM is volatile; it is lost when power is removed. ROM chips are not only used in the computer but also in other electronic items like washing machine and microwave oven.

The advantages of ROM are as follows −

• ROM is non-volatile.
• ROM is cheaper than RAM.
• ROM stores data permanently.
• The circuits of ROM are simple.
• ROM is more reliable than RAM.
• ROM is secure data storage.
• They are static and do not need refreshing.
• ROM is available in a longer size as compared to RAM.
• ROM is easy to the interface than RAM.
• There is an ease of speed and design.
• The function of the ROM can be modified easily.
• ROM starts up the computer and loads the operating system.
• ROM is sustained by a small long-life battery.

Other full forms of RAM & ROM