Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Computer and Networking.

INFO: Full form for BRAN is Broadband Radio Access Networks (ETSI TC) in Computer and Networking category
BRAN also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for BRKACK is Break Acknowledge frame (V.42) in Computer and Networking category
BRKACK also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for BSMAP is Base Station Management Application Part in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for BSN is Broadband Service Node (Nortel) in Computer and Networking category
BSN also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for B-SMS is Broadcasts Short Message Service in Computer and Networking category

The Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) is a standards organization that develops technical and operational standards and solutions for the ICT industry, headquartered in Washington, D.C. The organization is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). It is the North American Organizational Partner for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), a founding Partner of the oneM2M global initiative, a member of and major U.S. contributor to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), as well as a member of the Inter-American Telecommunication Commission (CITEL).

ATIS has 150 member companies, including various telecommunications service providers, equipment manufacturers, and vendors. The organization encompasses numerous industry committees and fora, which discuss, evaluate, and author guidelines concerning such topics as 5G, cybersecurity, network reliability, technological interoperability, emergency services, billing, M2M, the all IP transition, and network function virtualization.

INFO: Full form for ASOG is Access Service Ordering Guidelines in Computer and Networking category
ASOG also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for ASVD is Analog SVD in Computer and Networking category
ASVD also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for AT-A is ETSI Access and Terminals Analog Working Group in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for ASTM is formerly American Society of Testing and Measurement in Computer and Networking category
ASTM also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for ATAAB is Analog Technical Ad hoc Advisory Board in Computer and Networking category

The United States Access Board (also known as the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board) is an independent agency of the United States government devoted to accessibility for people with disabilities. The Board was created in 1973 to ensure access to federally funded facilities. It develops and maintains design criteria for the built environment, transit vehicles, telecommunications equipment, and electronic and information technology. It also provides technical assistance and training on these requirements and on accessible design and continues to enforce accessibility standards that cover federally funded facilities.

The Board is structured to function as a coordinating body among federal agencies and to directly represent the public, particularly people with disabilities. Half of its members are representatives from most of the federal departments. The other half are members of the public appointed by the U.S. President, a majority of whom must have a disability.

INFO: Full form for AT-D is ETSI Access and Terminals Digital Working Group in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for ATd is Digital Working Group (TC AT) in Computer and Networking category
ATd also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for AT-F is ETSI Access and Terminals Features Working Group in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for ATG is Access Transport Group (DSL Forum) in Computer and Networking category
ATG also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for ATIA is Australian Telecommunications Industry Association in Computer and Networking category
ATIA also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

The ATM Forum was founded in 1991 to be the industry consortium to promote Asynchronous Transfer Mode technology used in telecommunication networks; the founding president and chairman was Fred Sammartino of Sun Microsystems. It was a non-profit international organization. The ATM Forum created over 200 implementation agreements.

INFO: Full form for ATMOVE is Adaptive-Template Movement in Computer and Networking category

Advanced television is an array of features enabled by digital technology that significantly change analog television as it has come to be known during the 20th century. The term "advanced television" was first used at the MIT Media Lab in the early 1990s to explain why High definition television was only an early step in the foreseeable enhancements to the medium. In 1996, David Weiss defined "advanced television" in his book, Issues in Advanced Television Technology to describe "an agglomeration of techniques, based largely on digital signal processing and transmission, that permits far more program material to be carried through channels than existing analog systems can manage." Today, advanced television can be characterized by four features: time shifting, addressability, interactivity and interoperability.

In his Advanced TV Advertising Forecast, Brian Wieser (Certified Financial Analyst formerly Global Forecasting for Interpublic Group's Magna) holds that Advanced TV advertising includes: "Video on Demand (VOD), requests for information (RFIs), long-form showcases, DVR advertising, interactive program guide advertising, addressable advertising, creative versioning and advanced trafficking systems." Advanced TV advertising can also be broadened to include digital incentive requests and direct response transactions.

Advertiser demands for accountability will require new measurements of advertising effectiveness that differ from the "exposure" measurements now so prevalent for determining media cost and efficiencies. Exposure measurements will still have a significant role to play in both pricing and efficiency analyses; but exposure will be a first level of measurement: creating the initial opportunity to generate demand. The concept of exposure will now have to be expanded from real time to include time-shifted and cross platform exposure. The second level of measurement for media pricing and efficiency will be for delivery of additional information. In some ways, this parallels the internet click through model. Here we measure and compensate the media for delivery of additional commercial content based on the requests of the audience. The third level of measurement is transactional. At this level, we measure response and compensate the media for assisting in generating the desired response:

1. opting-in for more information by media or personal delivery

2. redemption of a promotional offer

3. taking a specified action

To satisfy the marketer's need for accountability, the next generation of media measurement will be a multi-level hybrid of the disparate measurements now being used by advertising, direct response, and internet media.

Since the technology to deliver Advanced Television has been extant reference

INFO: Full form for AuF is Authentication Function in Computer and Networking category
AuF also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for AV is AudioVisual in Computer and Networking category
AV also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for ATM-Utopia is Universal Test and Operations Physical Layer Interface for ATM in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for AOC-D is Advice Of Charge during a call in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for AOC-E is Advice Of Charge at the End of a call in Computer and Networking category
AOC-E also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for APLAC is Asian Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for AOD is Audio on Demand in Computer and Networking category
AOD also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for APCM is Analog PCM Modem in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for ARDB is Administrative Reference DataBase in Computer and Networking category
ARDB also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for APCO is Associated Public Safety Communications Officers, Inc. in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for APDU is Application Protocol Data Unit in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for APE is Application Protocols Entities in Computer and Networking category
APE also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

A passive optical network (PON) is a fiber-optic telecommunications technology for delivering broadband network access to end-customers. Its architecture implements a point-to-multipoint topology in which a single optical fiber serves multiple endpoints by using unpowered (passive) fiber optic splitters to divide the fiber bandwidth among the endpoints. Passive optical networks are often referred to as the last mile between an Internet service provider (ISP) and its customers.

INFO: Full form for ARCH is Access Response Channel in Computer and Networking category
ARCH also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for ARLP is Acoustic Reference Level Plan in Computer and Networking category
ARLP also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for ARIB is Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (accredited standards setting body in Japan) in Computer and Networking category
ARIB also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for ARF is Audio Resource Function in Computer and Networking category
ARF also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for ARJ is Admission Reject in Computer and Networking category
ARJ also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

Automatic repeat request (ARQ), also known as automatic repeat query, is an error-control method for data transmission that uses acknowledgements (messages sent by the receiver indicating that it has correctly received a packet) and timeouts (specified periods of time allowed to elapse before an acknowledgment is to be received) to achieve reliable data transmission over an unreliable communication channel. If the sender does not receive an acknowledgment before the timeout, it re-transmits the packet until it receives an acknowledgment or exceeds a predefined number of retransmissions.

Variations of ARQ protocols include Stop-and-wait ARQ, Go-Back-N ARQ, and Selective Repeat ARQ. All three protocols usually use some form of sliding window protocol to help the sender determine which (if any) packets need to be retransmitted. These protocols reside in the data link or transport layers (layers 2 and 4) of the OSI model.

INFO: Full form for ASAP is As Soon As Possible in Computer and Networking category
ASAP also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for ASE is Applications Service Element in Computer and Networking category
ASE also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for ASID is Access, Searching and Indexing of Directories in Computer and Networking category
ASID also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for AVT is Audio/Visual Transport in Computer and Networking category
AVT also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for AVIS is Audio Visual Information Systems in Computer and Networking category
AVIS also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for AVMMS is AudioVisual and MultiMedia Services in Computer and Networking category
AVMMS also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for AVD is Alternating Voice Data in Computer and Networking category
AVD also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for ASN is Abstract Symbol Notation in Computer and Networking category
ASN also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is a basic noise model used in information theory to mimic the effect of many random processes that occur in nature. The modifiers denote specific characteristics:

Wideband noise comes from many natural noise sources, such as the thermal vibrations of atoms in conductors (referred to as thermal noise or Johnson–Nyquist noise), shot noise, black-body radiation from the earth and other warm objects, and from celestial sources such as the Sun. The central limit theorem of probability theory indicates that the summation of many random processes will tend to have distribution called Gaussian or Normal.

AWGN is often used as a channel model in which the only impairment to communication is a linear addition of wideband or white noise with a constant spectral density (expressed as watts per hertz of bandwidth) and a Gaussian distribution of amplitude. The model does not account for fading, frequency selectivity, interference, nonlinearity or dispersion. However, it produces simple and tractable mathematical models which are useful for gaining insight into the underlying behavior of a system before these other phenomena are considered.

The AWGN channel is a good model for many satellite and deep space communication links. It is not a good model for most terrestrial links because of multipath, terrain blocking, interference, etc. However, for terrestrial path modeling, AWGN is commonly used to simulate background noise of the channel under study, in addition to multipath, terrain blocking, interference, ground clutter and self interference that modern radio systems encounter in terrestrial operation.

INFO: Full form for ASL is Active Speech Level in Computer and Networking category
ASL also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for AWI is Alert With Info in Computer and Networking category
AWI also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.