Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Miscellaneous full forms.

COVID-19: CoronaVirus Disease 2019

The full form of COVID-19 is “CoronaVirus Disease 2019“. CO stands for Corona, VI stands for Virus, D stands for Disease, and 19 stands for 2019. Since the disease was identified in December 2019. The name Covid-19 was announced on February 11 by the World Health Organization (WHO). The director-general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, said:

We had to find a name that does not refer to a geographical location, an animal, an individual or a group of people, and that is also pronounced and related to the disease. Having a name is important to avoid using other names that may be inaccurate or stigmatizing

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2), a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The infection is transmitted from one person to another through respiratory droplets produced from the airways, usually when coughing or sneezing. Because it is viral pneumonia, antibiotics are useless.

Covid-19 was first found in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and affected more than 4,00,000 people in more than 150 countries around the world, causing more than 17,000 deaths. Those affected by Covid-19 may suffer from cough, fever, and shortness of breath. A sore throat, runny nose or sneezing is less common. In severe cases, organ failure may occur. The mortality rate seems to be around 2%. By comparison, seasonal flu generally has a mortality rate of less than 1% and is believed to cause about 400,000 deaths each year worldwide. SARS had a mortality rate of over 10%.

HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol

The full form of HTTP is Hypertext Transfer protocol. HTTP is an application protocol used for data communication. It is the basis for data communication in the WWW. It provides a standard for web browsers that allows users to exchange information over the Internet. HTTP is used to access any file or page through most websites. It makes use of the port no. 443 for data communication.

When you enter a URL in your web browser to access a particular file or page, the protocol receives information from the server and requests the client for the web page. For this, you need to write http or https before the address of the page. For example: If you want to access any website like fullform.blog then you write: https://fullform.blog. HTTP clients typically use Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connections to exchange communications with the server.

Other full forms of HTTP

• High-Temperature Thermoplastic
• House of Technologically Termed Praxis
• Histoire Technique Technologie Patrimoine
• Hydrated Terphenyls
• Huntington Township Together for Peace
• Internet Holdings, Inc.
• Head To This Page
• Hyper Terminal Tracing Program
• Handy Trendy Totable Pockets
• Home Tested and Tried Page
• Handle The Teapots Properly
• Hideously Terrible Typist Problem
• Head To The Pool
• High Throughput Transfer Policy

CAB: Citizenship Amendment Bill

The full form of CAB is Citizenship Amendment Bill. CAB grants Indian citizenship toto Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains, Parsis and Christians who came to India from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan before 31 December 2014. The amendment has been criticized as discriminating on the basis of religion, particularly for excluding Muslims. CAB was passed in Rajya Sabha on Wednesday 11 December 2019. Around 125 MPs voted in favor of the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill and 99 against it. There was a six-hour discussion on the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill Act before the voting in the Rajya Sabha. Rajya Sabha Chairman and Vice President Venkaiah Naidu had allotted six hours to the MPs to discuss the Indian Citizenship Bill.

Apart from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the CAB was supported by JD(U), SAD, AIADMK, BJD, TDP and YSR-Congress. Shiv Sena did not take part in the voting. The Lok Sabha passed the Citizenship Bill on Monday 9 December 2019 with 311 votes to 80. Responding to repeated questions from protesting Muslims, Home Minister Amit Shah said that Muslims from other countries have the right to apply for Indian citizenship as per the existing rules. CAB does not include migrants from non-Muslim countries fleeing persecution to India, Rohingya Muslim refugees from Myanmar, Hindu refugees from Sri Lanka, and Buddhist refugees from Tibet, China.

• Also read: CAA full form

Who will benefit from CAB law?

The Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB) grants citizenship to Hindus, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains and Parsis – who came to India before December 31 2014, from Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. This law applies to those who were forced to take refuge in India due to persecution on grounds of religion. Its purpose is to protect such people from illegal immigration proceedings from neighboring countries. People belonging to any of these 6 religions were required to reside in India for at least 11 years before applying for Indian citizenship, which has now been reduced to 5 years. Indian citizenship, under the current law, is granted either to those born in India or if they have resided in India for a minimum period of 11 years.

Other full forms of CAB

CAA: Citizenship Amendment Act

The full form of CAA is “Citizenship Amendment Act“. CAA is an Act passed by the Parliament of India by amending the Citizenship Act of 1955 to provide citizenship to Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains, Parsis and Christians who came to India from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan before 31 December 2014. The citizenship of India can be given due to religious persecution of Hindu, Buddhists, Sikh , Jain, Parsi and Christian. The Bill also relaxed the condition of staying in India for 11 years required for grant of Indian citizenship, changing this period as a condition of staying in India for only 5 years. The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) was passed in the Indian Parliament on December 11, 2019, with 125 votes in favor and 105 votes against. The bill was passed and the bill was approved by the President on 12 December.

• Also read: CAB full form

Other full forms of CAA

CNG: Compressed Natural Gas

The full form of CNG is Compressed Natural Gas. CNG is also known as Green Fuel. It can be used as an alternative to petrol, diesel and propane or LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). The burning of CNG creates less toxic gases than the previously mentioned fuels. CNG is widely used since it is a much more inexpensive and safer alternative to other fuel sources. Natural gas provides less of a risk in the case of a leak compared to other liquids, as it is lighter compared to air and scatters fast once it is released.

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a compressed form of natural gas, composed primarily of methane [CH4]. Controlling air pollution is effective because it produces fewer undesirable gases than other petroleum products. Hence it is more environmentally friendly than other fuel products. It is safer than its other alternatives as CNG is lighter than air and expands quickly upon release. It is also an eco-friendly option and is commonly used in developed countries.

Cheap: It is cheaper than its other alternatives, for example, petrol and diesel which are used to power buses, cars and other automobiles. The maintenance cost of vehicles running on CNG is also less as compared to vehicles running on petrol and diesel.

Environment Friendly: It is more environment friendly as it emits less undesirable and harmful gases as compared to other alternatives i.e. Diesel and Petrol.

Clean and Efficient Engine: Using CNG makes the engine cleaner and more efficient. Unlike gasoline, CNG reduces harmful carbon deposits at the time of combustion. This results in a cleaner and more efficient engine as well as longer-lasting spark plugs. Oil changes are also minimized as carbon deposits contaminate the oil.

• Colorless
• Tasteless
• Odorless
• Non-toxic
• Non-corrosive
• 40% lighter than air
• High ignition temperature
• Healthy as it easily scatters into the air.

Other full forms of CNG

Table of Contents

1. Full Form of DOC and DOCS
   1. What is Google Docs?
2. Other full forms of DOC and DOCS
   1. DOC Full Forms
   2. DOCS Full Forms

Full Form of DOC and DOCS

The full form of DOC and DOCS is Document and Documents respectively. In computing, DOC is a filename extension for word processing documents, most commonly used in the Microsoft Word file format. Historically the .doc extension was used for documentation in plain text, particularly for programs or computer hardware on a wide range of operating systems.

Google Docs is a word processor that is included as part of the free, web-based software office suite offered by Google within its Google Drive service. This service also includes Google Sheets and Google Slides. Google Docs is available for Android, iOS, Windows, BlackBerry, and Google’s ChromeOS. The application is compatible with Microsoft Office file formats.

Other full forms of DOC and DOCS

There are different full forms of DOC and DOCS in different departments. Following is the list of all its full forms.

1) NRC: National Register of Citizens

The full form of NRC is “National Register of Citizens“. It is a register containing the names of all genuine Indian citizens. At present, only Assam has such a register. This can be extended to other states also. Nagaland is already creating a similar database known as the Register of Indigenous Inhabitants (RIIN). Union Home Minister Amit Shah announced in Parliament on 20 November 2019 that the National Register of Citizens (NRC) will be implemented across the country, which will contain demographic and biometric details of citizens. In the Rajya Sabha, Shah said that there is no provision in the NRC to exclude people based on religion.

The NRC in Assam is basically a list of Indian citizens residing in the state. The Register of Citizens sets out to identify foreign nationals in a state bordering Bangladesh. The NRC contains the names of Indian citizens who live in Assam. It was prepared in 1951 after the Census of India 1951. It was prepared based on the details of all the persons mentioned during the census. Those who came to Assam before the formation of Bangladesh (before 25 March 1971) would only be considered citizens of India. Assam is the first state in India to have a National Register of Citizens (NRC).

2) NRC: Nutrition Rehabilitation Center

In Medical, the full form of NRC is “Nutrition Rehabilitation Center”. NRC is a health facility that admits and manages children with SAM (Severe Acute Malnutrition). Children are admitted to the Nutrition Rehabilitation Center (NRC) and receive medical and nutritional care according to the defined admission criteria adopted according to the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) and WHO recommendations.NRC provides institutional care for children with acute malnutrition and it promotes the physical, mental & social growth of children with acute malnutrition.

3) Other full forms of NRC

Table of Contents

1. What is the full form of EPF and EPFO?
2. Structure
3. Other full forms of EPF

What is the full form of EPF and EPFO?

The full form of EPF and EPFO is Employees Provident Fund (EPF) and Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) respectively. EPF is the main scheme under the Employees Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952. The scheme is managed under the aegis of the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO). EPF is a government organization providing compulsory contributory pension and insurance schemes in India. Its head office is in Delhi.

Structure

Employees’ Provident Fund Organization is mainly divided into 4 zonal offices located at Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai with the Chief Executive Officer being the Additional Central Provident Fund Commissioner. These zonal offices are further divided into regional offices and regional offices into sub-regional offices and district offices.

The Chief Officer of the Regional Office is the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner and the Chief Officer of the Sub-Regional Office is the Junior Grade Regional Provident Fund Commissioner. Smaller districts or regions of the country have district offices where enforcement officers are posted to inspect local establishments and handle member/employer complaints.

Other full forms of EPF

Table of Contents

1. MC: Master of Ceremonies
2. Other Full Forms of MC

MC: Master of Ceremonies

The full form of MC is “Master of Ceremonies”. The term is earliest documented in the Catholic Church since the 5th century. Today, a Master of Ceremonies (MC) is the official host of the ceremony or an event. He/She is a person responsible for hosting all the staged events, performances or parties. MC generally introduces the speakers and performers, makes announcements and interacts with the audience in order to ensure the smooth flow of the event that is going on. A MC is to keep the event flowing smoothly by:

• Capturing and maintaining the attention of the audience.
• Keeping everyone updated about the event.
• Maintaining the energy and enthusiasm of audience.

• Also read: MC full form in Medical

Other Full Forms of MC

Table of Contents

1. PF: Provident Fund
2. PPF: Public Provident Fund
3. GPF: General Provident Fund
4. EPF: Employees’ Provident Fund
5. EPFO: Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation

PF: Provident Fund

The full form of PF is “Provident Fund”. It is another name for Pension Fund. Its objective is to provide a lump-sum payment to the employees at the time of retirement from their place of employment. This is different from pension funds, which include both lump-sum and monthly pension payments.

PPF: Public Provident Fund

The full form of PPF is “Public Provident Fund”. It is a deposit scheme used for savings and tax-saving purposes in India. Which was introduced in 1968 by the National Savings Institute of the Ministry of Finance. Many people also consider it as a means of earning money at the time of retirement.

GPF: General Provident Fund

The full form of GPF is “General Provident Fund”. This is a provident fund account available to government employees. In this fund, government employees contribute a certain percentage of their salary to the account. The deposit amount is paid to the employee at the time of retirement or superannuation.

EPF: Employees’ Provident Fund

The full form of EPF is “Employees’ Provident Fund”. It is the main scheme under the Employees Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952. The scheme is managed under the aegis of the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO). EPF is a government organization providing compulsory contributory pension and insurance schemes in India. Its head office is in Delhi.

EPFO: Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation

The full form of EPFO is “Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation”. It is the statutory body responsible for the regulation and management of provident funds in India. Employees’ Provident Fund Organization is mainly divided into 4 zonal offices located at Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai with the Chief Executive Officer being the Additional Central Provident Fund Commissioner. These zonal offices are further divided into regional offices and regional offices into sub-regional offices and district offices.

The Chief Officer of the Regional Office is the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner and the Chief Officer of the Sub-Regional Office is the Junior Grade Regional Provident Fund Commissioner. Smaller districts or regions of the country have district offices where enforcement officers are posted to inspect local establishments and handle member/employer complaints.

Table of Contents

1. What is the full form of FAQ?
2. Other full forms of FAQ

What is the full form of FAQ?

The full form of FAQ is Frequently Asked Questions. An FAQ is a list of frequently asked questions and answers on a particular topic. It is often used in articles, websites, email lists and online forums where common questions recur. The purpose of the FAQ is to provide information on commonly asked questions or concerns; However, FAQs are a useful tool for organizing information and text consisting of questions and their answers. The Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) section includes high-quality content that will help customers quickly understand the products and services of an organization or company.

Other full forms of FAQ

Table of Contents

1. What is LOVE?
2. What is True Love?
   1. Signs of True Love
   2. Full Form of True Love
3. Other Full Forms of LOVE
4. Funny Full Forms of LOVE

What is LOVE?

Love is a complex set of feelings, behaviors, and beliefs associated with strong feelings of affection, security, and respect for another person. Love can be defined as an intense feeling of affection for a person without any boundaries or conditions. When it comes to love, some people would say it is one of the most important human emotions.

Love is most likely influenced by both biological drives and cultural influences. Love has different definitions for different people in different situations. For example: For a mother, it is different and for a wife and children, it is different. Therefore, love can take a different approach in different circumstances. for example:

• To one person: I love my parents.
• For food: I love butter chocolate.
• As for technology: I love my smartphone.
• As for nature: I love mountains.

What is True Love?

Essentially, true love means that you have an unwavering, unbreakable and unparalleled fondness and devotion for your partner. It’s also defined by an emotional as well as physical connection with him or her that runs immeasurably deep, and life without your significant other would be practically unthinkable.

• You respect each other.
• You fully accept your partner.
• You can talk about anything.
• You’re completely yourself with this person.
• You care about this person unconditionally.
• Your happiness levels feed off of each other.
• You have similar values.
• You both work as a team.

• T – Trust
• R – Romance
• U – Understanding
• E – Excitement

• L – Listening
• O – Overcoming
• V – Valuable
• E – Everything

Other Full Forms of LOVE

• L – Long Lasting
• O – Original
• V – Valuable
• E – Emotion

• L – Life
• O – Of
• V – Very
• E – Emotional Person

• L – Life’s
• O – Only
• V – Valuable
• E – Emotion

• L – Lake/Land of Sorrow
• O – Ocean of Tears
• V – Valley of Death
• E – End of Life

• L is for ‘Laughter’ we had along the way.
• O is for ‘optimism’ you gave me every day.
• V is for ‘value’ of being my best friend
• E is for ‘eternity’ a relation that has no end

Funny Full Forms of LOVE

• L – Loss
• O – Of
• V – Valuable
• E – Energy

• L – Lack
• O – Of
• V – Valuable
• E – Education

• L – Loss of money
• O – Out of control
• V – Vast of time
• E – End of life

NPR: National Population Register

In India, The full form of NPR is “National Population Register“. It is a Register of usual residents of the country. It is mandatory for every usual resident of India to register in the National Population Register (NPR). The Union Cabinet on 24 December 2019 approved the proposal to make it more relevant by reviewing the NPR linked to the census. The Census Commission has said that the objective of the NPR is to create a comprehensive identity database of every “usual resident” of the country. A ‘usual resident’ is defined for the purposes of NPR as a person who has resided in a local area for the past 6 months or more or a person who intends to reside in that area for the next 6 months or more. The objective of the NPR is to create a comprehensive identity database of every usual resident in the country. The first National Population Register was prepared in 2010 and updating this data was done during 2015 by conducting door to door survey.

Other full forms of NPR

Table of Contents

1. LPG Full Form
2. What is LPG?
   1. What documents are required for new LPG connection?
      1. Proof of Identity Documents:
      2. Proof of Address Documents:
3. Other full forms of LPG

LPG Full Form

The full form of LPG is Liquefied Petroleum Gas. This is a generic name that refers to a group of flammable hydrocarbon gases such as propane, butane, isobutane, etc. These gases are liquefied by pressure and are commonly used as fuels. LPG is used as a fuel in cooking equipment, heating appliances and vehicles. It is very easy to use LPG as compared to other fuels and you can use it anywhere and anytime. Due to being completely burnt, none of the harmful gases come out of it so that our health is harmed. Nowadays having LPG connection in the house has become a common thing. Wherever you look, you will get to see LPG cylinders in the kitchen.

What is LPG?

LPG is extracted from crude oil and natural gas through processing and refining. LPG is colourless, odorless and heavier than air. It has a high heat value which allows it to generate more heat in a short period of time. It is a clean burning fuel that is usually sold in liquid form in cylinders of various sizes. So, it is a portable, convenient energy source that is easy to use, store and transport. The unpleasant smell of LPG is due to the presence of a smell which is added to LPG for safety reasons.

When you apply for a new LPG connection for the first time, then you have to submit some documents along with the application form. Here information about those documents is provided :-

For new gas connection you can present any of the documents mentioned here as proof of identity:

• Passport
• Aadhaar Card
• Voter identity card
• Driving License
• Permanent Account Number (PAN) card
• Government Issued Photo ID

For a new gas connection, you can present any of the documents mentioned here as proof of address:

• Driving license
• Passport
• Voter’s identity card
• Ration card
• Lease agreement
• Utility bills- telephone /electricity/ water bill
• LIC policy
• Bank statement
• House registration document
• Letter of possession or allotment for a flat/apartment
• Declaration of address attested by a Gazetted officer

Other full forms of LPG

Table of Contents

1. SC ST & OBC Full Form
2. SC: Scheduled Castes
3. ST: Scheduled Tribes
4. OBC: Other Backward Class
5. Other full forms of SC ST & OBC
   1. SC Full Form
   2. ST Full Form
   3. OBC Full Form

SC ST & OBC Full Form

The full form of SC ST and OBC is Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST) and Other Backward Classes (OBC). The government of India has made these castes category to help some caste and tribes. Sometimes minorities too, such as Muslims belong to the OBC(M) category. They have primary benefits of reservation in government jobs, higher education as well as in legislature. The system of reservation was framed by the Constituent Assembly which was chaired by Dr. BR Ambedkar. There is a provision of reservation for these Scheduled and Backward Classes in Article 16(4) of the Constitution. The mission of this reservation is to promote and advance the backward classes.

SC: Scheduled Castes

SC are the untouchable castes of India. They live outside the villages and were required to do ‘dirty’ jobs – such as clearing feces, cleaning dead animals, leather work etc. They were not allowed to touch the food, money, clothes of the upper caste as they were doing dirty work. They were the most discriminatory among the Shudra castes.

• Other full forms of SC

ST: Scheduled Tribes

ST are the tribals of India who live in the forests, there are also nomadic tribals. They are not part of any organized religion – they are considered outcasts. They have their own dressing style, traditions, food and culture.

• Other full forms of ST

OBC: Other Backward Class

OBC were farmers who belong to socially, educationally and economically backward class. They were between the upper-castes and the scheduled castes in terms of social hierarchy. But still, there was discrimination. They were traditionally poor, illiterate and mostly engaged in agriculture, herding. OBCs are socially and educationally backward as compared to upper castes or general category. OBCs consider themselves above Scheduled Castes (SC). There are frequent clashes between OBCs and SCs.

• Other full forms of OBC

I personally oppose casteism and I believe that casteism should be eradicated in India. If you find any information wrong in this article, then please do tell in the comment section.

Other full forms of SC ST & OBC

Table of Contents

1. SDM Full Form
   1. Role and Duties of Sub Divisional Magistrate (SDM)
2. Other full forms of SDM

SDM Full Form

The full form of SDM is “Sub Divisional Magistrate“. A Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM) is a title that is sometimes given to the head official of a district subdivision, an administrative officer that is sometimes below the level of district. The Districts are sub-divided as Tehsils . The Head of such a Subdivision is SDM. He is completely in charge of all administrative functions in the Division. SDM is equal to Assistant Collector in Rank. When a IAS officer is posted as SDM he is designated as Assistant Collector.

• He has to look after all the matters in his areas- emergency fire, suicide, rape issues, accident, dowry etc.
• The first report of these cases goes to him, he also has a kind of judicial powers in that area, any case in that area is brought to him.
• Because he is a dazzling officer, he is also involved in conducting elections in his area and has to train his colleagues.
• Whatever the marriage takes place that couple has to go there for the marriage certificate verification.

Other full forms of SDM

AIIMS: All India Institute of Medical Sciences

The full form of AIIMS is All India Institute of Medical Sciences. It is a medical school and teaching hospital, operates autonomously under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. AIIMS (New Delhi) was created in 1956 through an Act of Parliament and is governed by the Indian Institute of Medical Sciences Act of 1956. AIIMS New Delhi is ranked 1st in India by the National Institutional Classification Framework and 1st in South Asia in the Life Sciences and Medicine category by QS WUR.

All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) provides a number of medical courses; MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) is one of them. It is a leader in the field of medical research. It also runs a Nursing College to provide B.Sc Hons. Nursing degree and manages a 60-bedded hospital at Ballabgarh in Haryana. AIIMS also offers M.Sc. and Ph.D. level research courses. It is one of the top and dream colleges of all NEET aspirants. At present, there are a total of nine AIIMS in India.

• AIIMS Delhi, New Delhi
• AIIMS Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
• AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Odisha
• AIIMS Jodhpur, Rajasthan
• AIIMS Patna, Bihar
• AIIMS Raipur, Chhatisgarh
• AIIMS Rishikesh, Uttarakhand
• AIIMS Nagpur, Maharashtra
• AIIMS Guntur, Andhra Pradesh

NEET: National Eligibility cum Entrance Test

The full form of NEET is National Eligibility cum Entrance Test. It is an all-India national level medical entrance exam. National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) is conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) for students who wish to study medicine and dental courses in government or private medical colleges in India.  Prior to 2019, the test was administered by CBSE in partnership with Prometric Testing Pvt Ltd headquartered in the USA. For Undergraduate (UG) courses, the examination is called NEET-UG for the students who want to study undergraduate medical courses like MBBS, BDS. While for Postgraduate (PG) courses the examination is called NEET-PG for the students who want to study postgraduate medical courses like MD and MS. NEET PG Examination is also known as the Common Entrance Test (CET), and is intended for admission to post-graduate medical courses offered by various medical institutes or colleges in India. Each year the NEET exam is conducted by NTA whereas, AIIMS MBBS was being conducted by the All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, an autonomous body with its base in New Delhi.

Other full forms of NEET

The full form of VIP is “Very Important Person” and the full form of VVIP is “Very Very Important Person”. VIP is a person who is given special facilities and privileges because of his status or importance, who is well known in society for his work or you can say a person who does extraordinary work in any field like Actor, cricketer or politicians.

The term VIP is used only for a few selected persons. The word “VIP” is used mostly in government papers and in government programs. These people are kept separate from the common people and they are provided services in different ways. Different and better attention was given to people and good quality services were provided to them so that they would not face any kind of problem.

USP: Unique Selling Proposition

The full form of USP is “Unique Selling Proposition“. Unique means to choose an absolutely different approach to Marketing, Selling means exchanging money for service or product and Proposition means Providing an offer or a proposal to buy something.

The Unique Selling Proposition (USP) is a feature that differentiates a product or service from its competitors, such as the lowest cost, highest quality, or first-of-its-kind product. USP is a unique feature of a product/service that differentiates one product from others on the market. The USP theory states that these campaigns made unique proposals for clients that convinced them to change brands. A successful USP promises a clearly articulated benefit to consumers, offers them something that competitive products cannot or does not offer, and is attractive enough to attract new customers. For example, you know that Domino Pizzas offers hot pizza delivered to your home in less than 30 minutes, if the company does not keep its promise, it offers the pizza for free. It is called the Unique Selling Proposition.

Other full forms of USP

USA: United States of America

The full form of USA is “United States of America“. The United States of America (USA) is a country of North America, a federal republic of 50 states, five major autonomous territories, and several possessions. The United States contains a very diverse population. Unlike a country like China, which has largely incorporated indigenous peoples, the United States has a diversity that, in large part, comes from immense and sustained global immigration. With an estimated population of more than 328 million, the United States is the third most populous country in the world. Although the total population of the United States is large by world standards, its general population density is relatively low. The capital of the USA is Washington, DC, and the most populous city is New York City.

Driven by victories in World Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the United States remains the most powerful national state in the world. Since the end of World War II, the economy has achieved relatively stable growth, low unemployment, inflation, and rapid technological advances. The main feature of the United States is probably its great variety. Its physical environment ranges from the Arctic to the subtropical, from the moist rainforest to the arid desert, from the steep mountain peak to the flat meadow.

Other full forms of USA

UPA: United Progressive Alliance

The full form of UPA is United Progressive Alliance. UPA is a coalition of left and centre-left political parties in India formed post the 2004 general elections when it had become clear that no party had won an absolute majority. Until then the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) had won 181 seats in the 543-member 14th Lok Sabha, as opposed the UPA’s tally of 218 seats. Congress leader Sonia Gandhi opted not to take the premiership and instead recommended Manmohan Singh, a Sikh, for the post.

The Congress made significant gains in the 2009 parliamentary elections, increasing its seat total in the Lok Sabha to 206; conversely, the BJP’s total fell to 116. Singh formed another UPA coalition cabinet and was sworn in for a second term, becoming the first prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to do so after having served a full five-year first term. However the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) lost major popularity in the 2014 General Elections after many elected representatives of the UPA were accused in various scams and scandals.

Other full forms of UPA

Table of Contents

1. UK: United Kingdom
2. UK: Uttarakhand
3. Other full forms of UK

UK: United Kingdom

The full form of UK is United Kingdom. The United Kingdom or Great Britain, is a sovereign state that consists of four individual countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy. The United Kingdom (UK) of Great Britain came into being on 1 May 1707, as the result of Acts of Union being passed by the parliaments of England and Scotland to ratify the 1706 Treaty of Union and so united the two kingdoms. As of March 2020, Queen Elizabeth II is the current monarch, who has reigned since 1952, making her the world’s longest-serving current head of state and Boris Johnson is the Prime Minister of the UK. It is an Island country with an official language of English.

UK: Uttarakhand

In the Indian Context, UK stands for Uttarakhand. This Uttarakhand (UK) state was known with the name of Uttranchal before the year 2007, but after 2007 the government changed the name of Uttranchal to Uttrakhand. Uttarakhand is a state in the northern part of India, carved out as a separate state from Uttar Pradesh on 9th Nov. 2000. The state is also known as “Land of God” (Devabhumi) or State of Temples, because of the large numbers of holy Hindu Temples and pilgrimage centers found throughout the state. Archaeological evidence supports the existence of humans in the region since prehistoric times. Dehradun is the Winter Capital and Gairsain is the Summer Capital of Uttarakhand (UK).

Other full forms of UK

SUV: Sport Utility Vehicle

The full form of SUV is “Sport Utility Vehicle“. It is a specific type of four-wheeled vehicle that can run on all types of roads, such as Highways, City Roads, forest Roads, Countryside and farmland. The term SUV is not used in all countries and, outside of North America, the terms “off-road vehicle”, “four-wheel-drive” or “four-by-four” or simply the use of the brand to describe the vehicle as “Jeep”, “Land Rover” or “BMW” is more common. Depending on their interior space and size, SUVs can be classified into the following 5 types.

• Mini SUVs
• Compact SUVs
• Mid-sized SUVs
• Full-sized SUVs
• Extended-length SUVs

The sport utility vehicle (SUV) is one of the best options for driving on and off the road. They are known for their high ground clearance, vertical, square body and high H point. It has been designed to provide a very spacious interior and a robust exterior. SUVs are often criticized for their impact on other road users and the environment. The elements of its design present safety risks for its drivers and others, and are considered one of the main causes of the increase in pedestrian deaths in the USA. They are generally less fuel-efficient than smaller vehicles, which contributes more to global warming. The new SUV models are more aerodynamic, but the size and weight of the vehicle make its fuel efficiency poor.

Other full forms of SUV

SLA: Service Level Agreement

The full form of SLA is “Service Level Agreement“. A service-level agreement (SLA) is a document which describes the quality and performance of service that a service provider promises to deliver to the customers. Particular aspects of the service – quality, availability, responsibilities – are agreed between the service provider and the service user. The most common component of an SLA is that the services should be provided to the customer as agreed upon in the contract.

For example, SLAs are often included in signed agreements between Internet service providers (ISP) and customers. SLA is also known as an operating level agreement (OLA) when used in an organization without an established or formal provider-customer relationship. The customer will be responsible for making a representative available to resolve issues with the service provider in connection with the SLA. The service provider will be responsible for meeting the level of service as defined by the SLA.

Other full forms of SLA

RTO: Regional Transport Office

The full form of RTO is Regional Transport Office. It is an Indian Government government agency responsible for rendering services like the registration of vehicles, issue of driver’s licenses, collection of excise duty such as road tax and enforcement of road transportation rules in India. Every state and city have their own Regional Transport Office (RTO). Every R.T.O is responsible to carry out the functions and activities that are laid out in Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. RTOs in India are reported as the most corrupt department for bribing every day. In 2014, The Union Minister of Road Transport, Nitin Gadkari, proposed partial closing of RTOs by increasing online functions in order to curb corruption.

Other full forms of RTO

1) RPM: Revolutions Per Minute

The full form of RPM is Revolutions Per Minute. Revolutions per minute (abbreviated rpm, RPM, rev/min, r/min, or with the notation min−1) is the number of turns in one minute. It is a unit of rotational speed or the frequency of rotation around a fixed axis. RPM tells how many times a mechanical component revolves around its axis in one minute. So, Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) is the rotational speed of a mechanical component such as the crankshaft of an engine, power generator turbine, CD or DVD player and turbocharger.

Example to understand the RPM is the tachometer in the dashboard of a car. It measures how many times the crankshaft of an engine revolves around its axis in one minute. Generally, a tachometer measures RPM in thousands. So if its needle is at 2 it means the engine is at 2000 rpm and its crankshaft is revolving 2000 times in one minute.

2) RPM: Revenue Per Mille

Another full form of RPM is Revenue per mille. Revenue per mille (RPM) is the estimated earnings that accrue for every 1000 impressions received (in Latin, mille means thousand), a commonly used measurement in radio, television, newspaper, magazine, out-of-home, and online advertising. It is used in marketing as a benchmarking metric to calculate the relative cost of an advertising campaign or an ad message in a given medium. It is calculated by dividing the estimated earnings by the number of page views, impressions or queries received, then multiplying by 1000.

3) RPM: Revenue Per Thousand Impressions

In Google AdSense metrics RPM stands for Revenue Per Thousand Impressions. Revenue per 1000 impressions (RPM) represents the estimated earnings you’d accrue for every 1000 impressions you receive. RPM doesn’t represent how much you have actually earned; rather, it’s calculated by dividing your estimated earnings by the number of page views, impressions, or queries you received, then multiplying by 1000. Following is the formula to calculate RPM:
RPM = (Estimated earnings / Number of page views) X 1000

4) Other Full Forms of RPM

RDX: Research Department eXplosive / Royal Demolition eXplosive

The full form of RDX is Research Department Explosive or Royal Demolition Explosive. Formally cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine, chemical formula is C3H6N6O6. Also called cyclonite, hexogen, or T4. The Research Department Explosive (RDX) is a powerful explosive, discovered by Georg Friedrich Henning of Germany, and patented in 1898. It is a nitroamine explosive widely used in military and industrial applications. It was developed as a more powerful explosive than TNT and was widely used in World War II. It can be started by friction, impact and temperature. The name RDX was coined by the British. Relatively safe and inexpensive to manufacture, RDX was produced on a large scale in the United States through a secret process developed in the United States and Canada. RDX is a hard white crystalline solid, insoluble in water and only slightly soluble in some other solvents.

Other full forms of RDX

• Realistic Display Mixer
• Regional Data Exchange
• Research and Development Explosive
• Radixin
• Hexahydro-Trinitro-Triazine (explosive/propellant)
• Russian Depositary Index
• Rapid Detonating Explosive
• Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine
• Rapid Detonating Explosive
• Reflex Datafile
• Reggae Dancehall Xtraordinaire
• Removable Data eXtension
• Really Dorky X
• Research and Development Xtreme

PVR: Priya Village Roadshow

The full form of PVR is Priya Village Roadshow. PVR Cinemas is a film entertainment public ltd company in India. The company began as a joint venture agreement between Priya Exhibitors Private Limited and Village Roadshow Limited in 1995 with 60:40 ratio, began its commercial operations in June 1997. The company is founded by Ajay Bijli who is the chairman and managing director of PVR Cinemas. It was the first company which introduces the concept of multiplexes in India in 1997. Priya Village Roadshow (PVR) was a revolutionary concept that changed the total viewing experience of cinema through digital screens, high class seating and great Dolby Digital Audio System. It is headquartered in Gurgoan.

Other Full Forms of PVR

1) PUC: Pollution Under Control

The full form of PUC is “Pollution Under Control“. This is a certification mark provided to vehicles that pass the PUC test successfully. The Pollution under control (PUC) document is mandatory for all road vehicles, such as two-wheelers, four-wheelers and other commercial vehicles. The emission test is performed for petrol vehicles and free acceleration smoke test is performed for diesel vehicles. A valid driver’s license, a valid insurance coverage and a PUC Certificate are the mandatory documents that every vehicle owner must have when driving a motor vehicle in India. This certificate is issued by the transportation department of a state.

The validity of the PUC certificate is three to six months. If your vehicle receives the PUC certificate, it means that the vehicle’s emissions from your car or bicycle are under control and in accordance with pollution regulations. In short, your car / bicycle is not a threat to the environment. If the vehicle owner does not carry the PUC certificate while driving, it may be punished under Section 190 (2) of the Motor Vehicles Act.

2) PUC: Pre-University Course

The pre-university course (PUC or PDC) is an intermediate course of two years, also known as 10+2/Plus-two or intermediate course. High school or tenth class students who successfully completed the final exams are eligible for PUC. The course is offered by public and private schools affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) or the respective state education boards. Upon successful completion of the PUC, it is possible to join a college or university for an appropriate degree course such as BA, B.Com, B.Sc, etc.

3) Other full forms of PUC

PS: Postscript

The full form of PS is Postscript. You must have read this on Facebook at the end of any post or comment. The term postscript is derived from Latin post scriptum which means “written after”. A postscript can be a line or a paragraph added after the signature line. There can be different reasons to add postscript such as to express an afterthought or to provide the additional information. So, it is a simple way to reinforce your message and enhance your submission.

Other full forms of PS

Police is not an acronym. So, it has no full form. The word police comes from Middle French police (‘public order, administration, government’), which is derived from Latin-language politia, which is the Latinization of Greek πολιτεία (politeia), “citizenship, administration, civil polity”. This is derived from πόλις (polis), “city”. The police is a security force which is used for the internal civil defense of any country in the same way as the army is used to protect the country from external unethical activities.

Full forms of Police

Actually there is no full form of POLICE, but in internet you can see some interesting and fun full forms like this:

• Polite Obedient Loyal Intelligent Courageous and Efficient
• Polite Obidient Loyal Intelligent Courageous and Encouraging
• Protection Of Life and Investigating Criminals Establishment
• Protection Of Law In Case of Emergency
• Protection Of Life In Civil Establishment
• Public Officer for Legal Investigations and Criminal Emergencies
• Protectors Of Law In Countries Economy
• Persons Of Low Integrity Controlling Everyone
• People Often Lie In Confidence Everywhere

OOTD: Outfit of the Day

The full form of OOTD is “Outfit of the Day“. It is a popular slang that is widely used on fashion blogs, social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, Tumblr, Instagram even on videos uploaded to YouTube. An outfit of the day (OOTD) is where fashion bloggers show what clothes (or outfits) they wear on a given day or occasion. In general, when they post photos of themselves in trendy clothes, users tag #OOTD … just search for #OOTD and you will have photo streams on Instagram and Tumblr, showing users in their day clothes. It is believed to be a variant of WIWT (What I Wore Today) and is used to tell others what someone has worn. Similar to these blogs are known as “outfit(s) of the week” (OOTW), where the blogger will show what he/she plans to wear for an entire week (or several days).

Other full forms of OOTD

OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer

The full form of OEM is Original Equipment Manufacturer. OEMs are typically manufacturers who resell another company’s product under their own name and branding. For example, most of the PC vendors such as Apple, HP, Lenovo and Dell who don’t have their own manufacturing units are OEMs. They assemble the manufacturer’s components and brand the end product with their own logo. Its meaning has evolved over time. In earlier times, Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) referred to a company that manufactures products to be used as components by another company in its end products. For example, if Acme Manufacturing Co. manufactures power cords to be used on Dell computers then Acme is the OEM. The term is really a misnomer because OEMs are not the original manufacturers; they customize the original product.

Other full forms of OEM

NCR: National Capital Region

The full form of NCR is “National Capital Region“. The National Capital Region (NCR) and its planning board were created under the National Capital Region Planning Board Act of 1985. The main aim of creating Delhi NCR region was to avoid congestion in Delhi and move burden from Delhi to other regions. For this purpose National Capital Region Planning Board was created to promote economic & infrastructure growth in NCR districts to decentralize migration of people from different states to Delhi. The average population growth in Delhi was almost 60% till 1991 after which it started declining because of development of Gurgaon & Noida.

That 1985 Act defined the NCR as being the whole of NCT of Delhi; the Haryana districts of Gurgaon, Faridabad (then including Palwal), Rohtak (then including Jhajjar), Sonipat, and the Rewari and Panipat tehsils then in Mahendragarh; and the Uttar Pradesh districts of Bulandshahr, Meerut and Ghaziabad (including Hapur Tehsil), and some of the Rajasthan district of Alwar. The 1985 boundary of the NCR covered an area of 34,144 km.

For future the NCR Planning Board wants to develop regions like Manesar, Bhiwari, Alwar, Sonipat, Meerut, for which it is developing a Regional Rapid Transit System. In the first phase it will connect Delhi – Alwar(170 Km), Delhi – Panipat(100 Km), & Delhi – Meerut(80 Km) with plans to connect with other districts in second phase.

Other full forms of NCR

LGBT: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender

The full form of LGBT is “Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender“. The acronym has become adopted into the mainstream as an umbrella term for use when labeling topics pertaining to sexuality and gender identity. For example, the LGBT Movement Advancement Project termed community centres, which have services specific to those members of the LGBT community, as “LGBT community centers”, in a comprehensive studies of such centres around the United States. The initialism LGBT is intended to emphasize a diversity of sexuality and gender identity-based cultures.

Other Full Forms of LGBT

ISD: International Subscriber Dialing

The full form of ISD is International Subscriber Dialing. This term describes an international phone call made by a person without depending on the telephone operator. It is also known as International Direct Dialing (IDD). International Subscriber Dialing (ISD) is assigned to all countries. It is a specific number. To make an international call, the subscriber must attach this code before the phone number of the specified person. When publishing phone numbers for international use, the international call prefix is omitted and the number must start with a plus sign (+) followed by the country calling code. The plus sign indicates that the country code follows and that an access code may need to be dialed in the country of origin. For example, ISDs of USA and India are +1 and +91 respectively.

Other full forms of ISD

IMFL: Indian Made Foreign Liquor

The full form of IMFL is Indian Made Foreign Liquor. It is a term used to denote western-style hard liquor, such as whiskey, rum, vodka, etc., that are manufactured in India. It is the official term used by governments, companies and the media in India to refer to all types of hard alcohol produced in the country except indigenous alcoholic beverages such as fenny, toddy, arrack etc. The IMFL also refers to spirits produced in foreign countries and imported into India in large quantities and bottled in an excise bonded warehouse by the importers.

There seems to a confusion that Indian Made Foreign Liquor (IMFL) means scotch, vodka etc. No, it means anything that is not toddy, arrack or other indigenous alcohol. following are the famous brands of IMFL

• blenders pride regular
• Blenders pride blue
• Royal challenge
• Peter scot
• Antiquity blue
• Old monk rum
• McDowell all brands
• Seagrams all brands

The most popular foreign liquors manufactured abroad, but also licensed to manufacture in India, are VAT 69, Teachers, 100 Pipers, Jim Beam etc. These foreign spirits are produced in India or packaged in India to reduce the cost of importing packaged beverages. The major scotch whiskey like VAT 69 is a recipe from Scotland and licensed to be produced by United Breweries. Some other foreign companies have installed their packaging units in India such as Jim Beam, bourbon whiskey. Many foreign breweries see India as a good potential market for hard drinks.

Other full forms of IMFL

• Intensive Management Force List
• Illinois Mortgage Foreclosure Law
• In The Mood For Love
• I m Falling in Love
• Imaan Micro Finance Ltd
• Institute of Modelling Fashion and Lifestyle
• Incomplete Motor Function Loss
• Ironman Florida

IMAX: Image MAXimum

The full form of IMAX is “Image MAXimum“. IMAX is a proprietary system of high-resolution cameras, film formats, film projectors, and theaters known for having very large screens with a tall aspect ratio (approximately 1.43:1 & 1.90:1) and steep stadium seating. IMAX was created by the Canadian company IMAX Corporation in September 1967 as Multiscreen Corporation, Limited. The IMAX format is generically called “15/70” film means each frame is 70 millimeters high and 15 sprocket holes (perforations along the edges of the film)per frame, which is about 10 times bigger than the standard 35-millimeter film format. This is why IMAX has a much better resolution and incredible clarity than standard movie system. Unlike conventional film projectors, the film runs horizontally so that the image width can be greater than the width of the film stock. In 1996, IMAX was awarded the Oscar for Scientific and Technical Achievement by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. The award cited IMAX’s innovations in creating and developing a method of filming and exhibiting large-format, wide-angle motion pictures.

GK: General Knowledge

The full form of GK is “General Knowledge“. General Knowledge (GK) is understanding and remembering the fundamentals of current affairs that we get through various mediums. In simple words, general knowledge is nothing but active awareness of your environment. The range may extend from your immediate surrounding to everything humans are actively working on. GK excludes specialized learning that can only be obtained with extensive training and information confined to a single medium. Studies have found that people who are highly knowledgeable in a particular domain tend to be knowledgeable in many. General knowledge (GK) is thought to be supported by long-term semantic memory ability. It’s not just about information gathering, but also about processing & obtaining knowledge out of it.

Other full forms of GK

1) EWS: Economically Weaker Section

The full form of EWS is “Economically Weaker Section“. In India, the EWS certificate is issued to people who belong to the category of the Economically Weakest Section of Indian society. The EWS is a new reserve subcategory in the General category, with an annual family income of less than ₹ 8 lakhs and not belonging to any reserved category, such as SC/ST/OBC (central list). It is a type of reservation scheme that came into effect in 2019. Eligibility to obtain the EWS certificate is based not only on the annual income of the family but also based on the held property.

The terms Economically Weaker Section (EWS) and Economically Backward Class (EBC) should not be confused with each other. The definition of EWS was defined by the Government of India, while the definition of EBC and the most economically backward class (MEBC) varies in different states and institutions. The central government recently introduced the EWS reserve scheme to provide a 10% reservation for direct recruitment to civil posts and services in the Govt. from India for people who belong to the EWS category.

2) EWS: Early Warning System

An early warning system (EWS) is a technology and associated policies and procedures designed to predict and mitigate damage caused by natural and human disasters and other undesirable events. An EWS can be implemented as a chain of information communication systems and comprises sensors, event detection, and decision subsystems. They work together to predict and signal disturbances that negatively affect the stability of the physical world, providing time for the response system to prepare for the adverse event and minimize its impact. EWS is used to detect a wide range of events, such as vehicle collisions, missile launches, disease outbreaks, tsunamis, floods, earthquakes, avalanches, tornadoes, landslides, etc.

3) Other full forms of EWS

etc: et cetera

The full form of etc is Et cetera in Latin. Which is used on the places where we want to say “and other things” or “and so on”. For example They ask for your personal details – age, sex, nationality, etc.

Other full forms of ETC

ETA: Estimated Time of Arrival

The full form of ETA is Estimated Time of Arrival. It is also called as Expected Time of Arrival. Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) is used to show the amount of time remaining for a particular entity to arrive or something is expected to be done. This entity can be a train, airplane, bus, ship, letter, courier anything that you expect to arrive. This term is commonly used to show the date the time at which a ship is supposed to arrive at the port. The time is specified in the form of a particular date with expected time in hours and minutes.

The Expected time is measured from the past experiences and with the help of a formula. For example, a certain flight may have a calculated ETA based on the speed by which it has covered the distance traveled so far. The remaining distance is divided by the speed previously measured to roughly estimate the arrival time. This particular method does not take into account any unexpected events (such as new wind directions) which may occur on the way to the flight’s destination.

Other full forms of ETA

DJ: Disc Jockey

The full form of DJ is “Disc Jockey”. Disc Jockey is a person who plays music (existing, recorded ) for people or the audience so that they can enjoy the party. Most common types of DJs include radio DJs, club DJs, who perform at a nightclub or music festival and turntablists who use record players, usually turntables, to manipulate sounds on phonograph records. DJs use audio equipment that can play at least two sources of recorded music simultaneously and mix them together to create seamless transitions between recordings and develop unique mixes of songs. Often, this involves aligning the beats of the music sources so their rhythms and tempos do not clash when played together and to enable a smooth transition from one song to another.

The name Disc Jockey is derived from Compact Disc (CD). It is an optical storage medium for song and data. Compact Discs are generally used by Disc Jockey to play music. If you have a great interest in music and love to entertain people by playing and mixing music tracks, deejaying can be a suitable career option for you.

The eligibility criteria is quite straightforward – You should have an ear for music, be well versed with cueing, equalization and audio-mixing, beat-matching, scratching and beat juggling. While a graduate’s degree may be a minimum requirement at some places, mostly its your experience of music that counts. Since a deejay is more a music artist, it’s his personal traits that matter more than anything else. These are the DJs who have chosen this profession based on their in-born talent and flair for music. Most of them are from a background where they have acquired a liking for this profession during their earlier days at school or college. A degree in Communications or Journalism is an added advantage.

There are several types of Disc Jockey depending on their workplace. Following are some types:

RADIO DJs:- They plays and mixes music and songs. While doing this a RDJ discusses news, music, and other current topics on breaks between songs.

CLUB DJs:- A club dj plays songs and music at a bar, rave, nigtclub etc.

RESIDENTS DJs:- They perform at a particular event place and mostly under an agreement.

WEDDING DJs :- They work for private events like marriages, sangeet parties, bachelor parties.. etc

BEDROOM DJs :-They record their set of music at home and then post those sets of music online.

Other popular full forms of DJ

DDT: DichloroDiphenylTrichloroethane

The full form of DDT is “Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane“. DDT is a colorless, tasteless, crystalline and almost odorless organochlorine substance, famous for its insecticidal properties. It is also poisonous to humans and animals. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is an insecticide used in agriculture. DDT has also been used in the past to treat lice. It is still used outside the United States for the control of mosquitoes that transmit malaria. DDT and its related chemicals persist for a long time in the environment and in animal tissues.

DDT was first synthesized in 1874 by Austrian chemist Othmar Zeidler. The insecticidal action of DDT was discovered by Swiss chemist Paul Hermann Müller in 1939. In October 1945, DDT was available for public sale in the United States. Müller received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1948 “for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods.” The United States banned the use of DDT in 1972. In the 1970s and 1980s, agricultural use was banned in most developed countries. India is the only country that still manufactures DDT and is the largest consumer. In many parts of India, DDT is not effective. Agricultural uses were banned in 1989 and their antimalarial use is declining, Urban usage ended.

The molecular formula of DDT is C14H9Cl. It is produced artificially by the reaction of chloral (CCl3CHO) with chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl) in the presence of the sulfuric acid catalyst (H2SO4). It is highly hydrophobic and not soluble in water, but is soluble in most organic solvents such as oils, and fats.

DDT: Dividend Distribution Tax

The dividend distribution tax (DDT) is the tax imposed by the Indian government on Indian companies according to the dividend paid to a company’s investors. A dividend is a return that a company grants to its shareholders out of the profits obtained by the company in a given year. The company must deposit the DDT within 14 days after the declaration, distribution or payment of dividends, whichever is the earlier. In case of non-payment within 14 days, the company must pay interest at a rate of 1% of the DDT.

Mutual fund companies must also pay DDT. Currently, companies pay DDT before paying dividends to their shareholders. Therefore, it made dividends received by the company’s shareholders tax-free on their hands. In addition, taxpayers who earn dividend income of more than Rs 10 lakh must pay taxes at a rate of 10%.

Other full forms of DDT

CTC: Cost To Company

The full form of CTC is “Cost To Company“. The total annual cost incurred by the company on account of hiring a employee during one year is called CTC. Cost to company (CTC) is a term for the total salary package of an employee, used in countries such as India and South Africa. It is calculated by adding salary to the cost of all additional benefits an employee receives during the service period. If an employee’s salary is ₹55,000 and the company pays an additional ₹5,000 for their health insurance, the CTC is ₹60,000.

It includes the in hand salary+P.F.+ ESI+ other perks the company is giving. Perks may include mobile bill, cafeteria allowances, transportation allowance and other special allowances. Employees may not directly receive the CTC amount. It addresses several areas related to service performance such as performance measurement criteria, customer support, guarantees and warranties.

Other full forms of CTC

Table of Contents

1. CDS: Chief of Defence Staff
2. CDS: Combined Defence Services
   1. CDS Eligibility Criteria 2022
3. Other Full Forms of CDS

CDS: Chief of Defence Staff

In the Indian army, CDS stands for “Chief of Defence Staff“. It is the professional tri-service chief of the Indian Armed Forces and the senior-most uniformed military adviser to the Government of India. General Bipin Rawat was the first CDS of India. He was appointed on 30 December 2019 and assumed office from 1 January 2020. Gen. Bipin Rawat has died on 08 December 2021 in an IAF Mi-17 helicopter crash in Tamil Nadu. Along with him his wife and members of his personal staff also died in the crash.

A Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) will have the same salary and perquisites as the three service chiefs (who are also four-star Generals). Apart from heading the department of military affairs, he will also hold the charge of permanent chairman, chiefs of staff committee (CoSC). While the CDS will act as the principal military adviser to the defence minister on all tri-services matters, the three service chiefs will continue to advise the minister on matters exclusively concerning their respective services. The department of military affairs will focus on promoting jointness in procurement, training and staffing for the tri-services.

The position was first officially suggested in 1999 following the Kargil War through the recommendations of the Kargil Review Committee. Although a long-talked-about position in India, the official announcement was made public by Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his Independence Day speech on 15 August 2019 at Red Fort, New Delhi. On 24 December 2019, the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) formally announced the creation of the position, a four-star general, a tri-service Chief, that shall lead the defence forces as well as take up other roles such as head of the Department of Military Affairs under the Ministry of Defence.

CDS: Combined Defence Services

CDS stands for “Combined Defence Services“. CDS is an All-India level exam conducted by UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) This exam is a Central Government designed and runned examination conducted for the recruitment of Commissioned Officers in India Army, Navy and Air Force of India. Combined Defence Services (CDS) exam is for Graduates and Post- Graduates only, and finds high importance in the Jobs area. This is also followed by Personal interview which is equally difficult to crack. Only unmarried graduates are eligible to sit for the exam.

The Notification for the CDS examination is usually released in the months of October and June, and the examinations for the same are conducted in February and November month respectively. The candidates who qualified in the written exam are shortlisted for an interview by a Services Selection Board (SSB) which evaluates a candidate’s suitability for a career in the Indian Armed Forces. SSB interview lasts for approximately a week, during this process a candidate undergoes various physical, psychological and group tests to ascertain whether he is an officer material or not. Apart from SSB interview, Air Force academy (IAF) candidates who have applied for flying branch are tested for Pilot Aptitude Battery Test (PABT). After these tests, candidates undergo medical examination before finally admitted into their respective academies and after the successful completion of training, they are inducted into the armed forces.